نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری رفتارحرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش‌ها نشان داده‌اندکه انرژی ذهنی یک عامل مهم در بسیاری از حوزه‌ها از جمله عملکرد ورزشی است. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش تعیین روایی و پایایی نسخة فارسی پرسشنامة انرژی ذهنی ورزشی بود. روش پژوهش، کاربردی و از نوع توسعه ابزار بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه ورزشکار زن و مرد شهر ارومیه در رشته‌های ورزشی متفاوت بودند که از این جامعه بر اساس جدول تعیین حجم نمونه مورگان، تعداد 283 ورزشکار به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب گردید. از پرسشنامه انرژی ذهنی ورزشی لو و همکاران (2018) به عنوان ابزار پژوهش استفاده شد. پرسشنامه پس از ترجمه به فارسی و تأیید توسط سه متخصص به ورزشکاران ارائه و سپس تحلیل شد. برای بررسی روایی سازه و تعیین ساختار عاملی پرسشنامه از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مبتنی بر مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد و با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ پایایی پرسشنامه بررسی شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد که سه عامل مؤلفه‌های احساسی انرژی ذهنی ورزشی (انرژی، خستگی ناپذیری و خونسردی) و دو عامل مؤلفه‌های شناختی انرژی ذهنی ورزشی (اعتماد به نفس و تمرکز) و همچنین عامل انگیزش برازش مناسبی با داده‌ها در نمونه ورزشکاران دارد. نتایج آلفای کرونباخ بالای 70/0 برای تمامی عامل‌ها نیز بیانگر پایایی مناسب پرسشنامة انرژی ذهنی ورزشی می‌باشد. یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که این ابزار انداز‌ه‌گیری با روایی و پایایی مطلوب می‌تواند برای ارزیابی انرژی ذهنی ورزشی در ورزشکاران ایرانی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the validity and reliability of the Athletic Mental Energy (AME) Questionnaire in the Iranian sample

نویسندگان [English]

  • masoomeh parvaneh 1
  • jalal dehghanizade 2
  • soheila shahbazi 3

1 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University

2 Faculty member of Urmia University

3 Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University

چکیده [English]

Research has shown that mental energy is an important factor in many domains, including athletic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Sports Mental Energy Questionnaire. The research method was applied and tool development. The study population includedall male and female athletes in Urmia city in different sports; From this population, based on Morgan sample size determination table, 283 athletes were selected by available sampling method. The athletic mental energy questionnaire Lu et al (2018) was used as a research tool. The questionnaire was presented to the athletes after translation into Persian and approval by three experts and then analyzed. To evaluate the construct validity and determine the factor structure of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling was used and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six-factor model, the three-factor of the affective components (vigor, tireless, and calm) of AME and and the two-factor of the cognitive components (confidence and concentration) of AME) as well as motivation has a acceptable goodness of fit with the data in the sample of athletes. Cronbach's alpha results above 0.70 for all factors also indicate the appropriate reliability of the Athletic Mental Energy Questionnaire. The findings suggest that this measurement tool with good validity and reliability can be used to assess the athletic mental energy in Iranian athletes

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mental Energy
  • questionnaire
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis
  • psychometrics
 
Abbasi, F., Badami, R., Jalali D. (2018).The Effect of Mindfulness and Acceptance Training on Body Image Concerns, Mental Skills and Free Throw Shooting Performance in Male Basketball Players with Wheelchairs. Positive Psychology Research. 4(2): 25-32.
 Abdullah, M. R., Musa, R. M., Maliki, A. B. H. M. B., Kosni, N. A., & Suppiah, P. K. (2016). Role of psychological factors on the performance of elite soccer players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 170 – 176.
Anderson, R., Hanrahan, S. J., & Mallett, C. J. (2014). Investigating the optimal psychological state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(3), 318-333.
Brandt, R., da Silveira Viana, M., Crocetta, T. B., & Andrade, A. (2016). Association between mood states and performance of Brazilian elite sailors: Winners vs. non-winners. Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 11(32), 119-125.
Chiou, S. S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Gill, D. L., & Lu, F. J. (2020). Seeking Positive Strengths in Buffering Athletes’ Life Stress–Burnout Relationship: The Moderating Roles of Athletic Mental Energy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 3007.
Chyi, T., Lu, F. J. H., Wang, E. T., Hsu, Y. W., & Chang, K. H. (2018). Prediction of life stress on athletes’ burnout: the dual role of perceived stress. PeerJ, 6, e4213.
Dammann, K. W., Bell, M., Kanter, M., & Berger, A. (2013). Effects of consumption of sucromalt, a slowly digestible carbohydrate, on mental and physical energy questionnaire responses. Nutritional neuroscience, 16(2), 83-95.
Esfahani, N., Ghezelseflo, H. (2013). The comparison of psychological skills of Elite and non-Elite Karate ka and its relation with athletes’ performance. Journal of Psychological Studies, 9(1), 109-120.
Federici, R. A., & Skaalvik, E. M. (2012). Principal self-efficacy: Relations with burnout, job satisfaction and motivation to quit. Social Psychology of Education, 15(3), 295-320.
Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2012). A grounded theory of psychological resilience in Olympic champions. Psychology of sport and exercise, 13(5), 669-678.
Ghadiri, F., Nemati, M., Frouzandeh Hafshejani, Z. (2018). The Comparision of Mental Skills of elite male Wushu and Kickbox Players. Sport Psychology Studies, 7(23), 17-34.
Giancoli, D.C., (2009).Physics for Science and Engineers. London: Pearson Education, Ltd.
Gill, D. L., Williams, L., & Reifsteck, E. J. (2017). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise. Human Kinetics.
Gustafsson, H., & Skoog, T. (2012). The mediational role of perceived stress in the relation between optimism and burnout in competitive athletes. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 25(2), 183-199.
Gustafsson, H., Skoog, T., Podlog, L., Lundqvist, C., & Wagnsson, S. (2013). Hope and athlete burnout: Stress and affect as mediators. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(5), 640-649.
Horowitz, M. A. R. D. I., Adler, N. A. N. C. Y., & Kegeles, S. (1988). A scale for measuring the occurrence of positive states of mind: a preliminary report. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50(5), 477-483.
Jeong, T. S., Reilly, T., Morton, J., Bae, S. W., & Drust, B. (2011). Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of “pre-season” and one week of “in-season” training in professional soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 29(11), 1161-1166.
Jõesaar, H., Hein, V., & Hagger, M. S. (2012). Youth athletes’ perception of autonomy support from the coach, peer motivational climate and intrinsic motivation in sport setting: One-year effects. Psychology of sport and exercise, 13(3), 257-262.
Johnson, E. J., McDonald, K., Caldarella, S. M., Chung, H. Y., Troen, A. M., & Snodderly, D. M. (2008). Cognitive findings of an exploratory trial of docosahexaenoic acid and lutein supplementation in older women. Nutritional neuroscience, 11(2), 75-83.
Kazemi, A. (2012). The comparison of adult Iranian national team soccer player's profile of mood states with Brazilian soccer players, Iceberg and Everest profiles. Journal of Motion and Sports Sciences, 15 (8), 110
Kennedy, D. O., Haskell, C. F., Wesnes, K. A., & Scholey, A. B. (2004). Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 79(3), 401-411.
Kennedy, D. O., Jackson, P. A., Haskell, C. F., & Scholey, A. B. (2007). Modulation of cognitive performance following single doses of 120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract administered to healthy young volunteers. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 22(8), 559-566.
Koka, A., Tilga, H., Põder, T., Kalajas-Tilga, H., Hein, V., & Raudsepp, L. (2020). The role of perceived coaching behaviours on sport performance among female aesthetic group gymnasts. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 26, 16-32.
Lane, A. M., & Terry, P. C. (2000). The nature of mood: Development of a conceptual model with a focus on depression. Journal of applied sport psychology, 12(1), 16-33.
Lane, A.M., et al., (2017). A test and extension of Lane and Terry’s (2000). conceptual model of mood-performance relationships using a large internet sample. Frontiers in psychology. 8: p. 470.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
Lieberman, H. R. (2006). Mental energy: assessing the cognition dimension. Nutrition reviews, 64(suppl_3), S10-S13.
Loehr, J. (2005). Leadership: Full engagement for success. The sport psych handbook, 155-170.
Loehr, J. E. (1984). How to overcome stress and play at your peak all the time. Tennis, 19(1), pp.66-76
Lu, F. J., Gill, D. L., Yang, C., Lee, P. F., Chiu, Y. H., Hsu, Y. W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring athletic mental energy (AME): instrument development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2363.
Lykken, D.T., (2005). Mental energy. Elsevier.
Mohajeri, M. H., Wittwer, J., Vargas, K., Hogan, E., Holmes, A., Rogers, P. J., & Gibson, E. L. (2015). Chronic treatment with a tryptophan-rich protein hydrolysate improves emotional processing, mental energy levels and reaction time in middle-aged women. British Journal of Nutrition, 113(2), 350-365.
Morgan, W. P. (1979). “Prediction of performance in athletics,” in Coach, Athlete, and the Sport Psychologist, eds P. Klavora and J. V. Daniel (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics), 173–186.
Morgan, W. P. (1980). The trait psychology controversy. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 51(1), 50-76.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R., & Levy, A. R. (2010). Coping self-efficacy, pre-competitive anxiety, and subjective performance among athletes. European journal of sport science, 10(2), 97-102.
Nideffer, R. (1985). Athletes' guide to mental training. Human Kinetics Publishers.
Nishiyama, T., Mizuno, T., Kojima, M., Suzuki, S., Kitajima, T., Ando, K. B., & Nakayama, M. (2014). Criterion validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for the diagnosis of sleep disorders. Sleep medicine, 15(4), 422-429.
O'Connor, P. J. (2006). Mental energy: assessing the mood dimension. Nutrition reviews, 64(suppl_3), S7-S9.
parvaneh, M., Mohammadzadeh, H., heydari, M. (2020). The Effect of Need - Supportive Environment on Anxiety, Visual Attention and Non-Athlete Students Performance. Sport Psychology Studies, 9(33), 293-314.
Pourmoradkohan, P., Hatami, F., Baghaiyan, M., Amiri, M. (2019). The effect of mentalkinestickimagery on athletic confidence. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi, 7(11): 17-30
Raglin, J. S., Eksten, F., & Garl, T. (1995). Mood stage responses to a pre-season conditioning program in male collegiate basketball players. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26(2), 214-224.
Rahmani, M., Bahari, M., Ahmadi, P. (2020). Comparison of Mental Skills of Athletes of the Iranian National Team in Asian Games in 2006 and 2018. Sport Psychology Studies, 9(33), 1-18.
Ravizza, K. (1977). Peak experiences in sport. Journal of Humanistic psychology.
Roberts, G. C., & Treasure, D. (2012). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise. Human Kinetics.
Rogers, P. J., Appleton, K. M., Kessler, D., Peters, T. J., Gunnell, D., Hayward, R. C., & Ness, A. R. (2008). No effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA and DHA) supplementation on depressed mood and cognitive function: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 99(2), 421-431.
Sadeghi, N., Zamani Sani, S., Hasanzadeh, N. (2019). The effect of mental skills training on mental profile and performance of teenager soccer players in preparation phase. Sports Psychology, 4(1), 14-27.
Sadeghi, N., Zamani Sani, S., Hasanzadeh, N. (2019). The effect of mental skills training on mental profile and performance of teenager soccer players in preparation phase. Sports Psychology, 4(1), 14-27.
Sarkar, M., Fletcher, D., & Brown, D. J. (2015). What doesn’t kill me…: Adversity-related experiences are vital in the development of superior Olympic performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(4), 475-479.
Sindik, J., A. Botica, and M. Fiškuš, (2015). Preliminary psychometric validation of the Multidimensional inventory of sport excellence: attention scales and mental energy. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 4(2): p. 17-28.
Smith, A. L., Ntoumanis, N., Duda, J. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011). Goal striving, coping, and well-being: A prospective investigation of the self-concordance model in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 124-145.
Snitz, B. E., O’Meara, E. S., Carlson, M. C., Arnold, A. M., Ives, D. G., Rapp, S. R., & Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators. (2009). Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. Jama, 302(24), 2663-2670.
Sotoodeh, M. S., Talebi, R., Hemayattalab, R., and Arabameri, E. (2012). Comparison of selected mental skills between elite and non-elite male and female Taekwondo athletes. World Journal of Sport Sciences. 6(1), 32-38
Tabei A, Hosseini F, Fallahzadeh H, Mohammadi Y, Ranaie A, Najarzadeh A. Effect of Multivitamin Complex Supplementation on Mood Disorders, Anxiety, and Depression in Elderlies. Journal of Neyshabur University Medical Sciences. 2015; 3 (2) :1-9
Vealey, R., and Chase, M. (2008). “Self-confidence in sport: conceptual and research advances,” in Advances in Sport Psychology, ed T. Horn (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics) 65–93.
Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2014). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Human Kinetics.
Weinberg, R. S., & Williams, J. M. (2001). Integrating and implementing a psychological skills training program. Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance, 4, 347-77.
Zeidabadi, R., Najafipour, F. (2015). The comparison of elite and non-elite martial athletes' mental skills profile. Journal of military Psychology. 6 (22): 67-80.