Mostafa Hassan Esfahani; Mahdi Khanjani; Adel Bazram
Abstract
Phubbing is an emerging phenomenon in the world that has become more prominent in modern societies with the development of smartphones. With a practical purpose, this study has tried to standardize the phubbing Phenomenon Questionnaire and study and identify this phenomenon. The research method was correlational ...
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Phubbing is an emerging phenomenon in the world that has become more prominent in modern societies with the development of smartphones. With a practical purpose, this study has tried to standardize the phubbing Phenomenon Questionnaire and study and identify this phenomenon. The research method was correlational and its statistical population included the general population of users of smartphones and virtual networks. The sample size of the present study includes 408 people who were sampled by online questionnaires. In this study, the general phubbing scale (Chotpitayasunondh & Douglas, 2018), and the mobile phone addiction scale (Savari, 2014), and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed good validity and reliability for the phubbing General Scale Questionnaire. Also, the convergent validity between phubbing General Scale Questionnaire and Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire was 0/77. Based on the results, the phubbing General Scale Questionnaire can be used by the general population of Iran.
Atousa Kalantar Hormozi
Abstract
This research is aimed at a meta-analysis of research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies in reducing students' psychological problems. The statistical population is research that has relatively similar questions about the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies and their method ...
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This research is aimed at a meta-analysis of research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies in reducing students' psychological problems. The statistical population is research that has relatively similar questions about the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies and their method is either experimental or quasi-experimental. By reviewing the history, 28 articles were found. All of these articles were from 2011 to 2015. Of these, only 16 reported well-reported statistical results. The mean test p was selected for combining the test results and the Cohen effect size method was used to achieve the total effect value. The findings of the study indicated that the average size of d in the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies in reducing students' psychological problems was 1.067. By converting the average d to z values in a normal distribution curve, the normal curve cover level was 0.86, which is relatively high. The significance level of the calculations was also 0.01 and the overall effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies was confirmed in reducing students' psychological problems
Faramarz Kashkoli; Farhad Khormaei; Seyed Mehdi Poorseyed
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct and investigate the factor structure of the scale of students' academic destructive behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population included all first grade high school students in Bushehr. Participants in the study were ...
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The aim of this study was to construct and investigate the factor structure of the scale of students' academic destructive behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population included all first grade high school students in Bushehr. Participants in the study were 503 male and female students who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and structural reliability in SPSS and AMOS software were used to assess the reliability. The goodness indicators confirmed the fit of the model. The results confirmed the existence of four factors of academic, academic dishonesty, academic status violations and academic oppositional defiant on this scale. Cronbach's alpha indices of these components were also considered favorable. In general, the scale of academic harmful behaviors has a good internal consistency and good validity and can be used in research related to academic injuries.
zohreh dehdashti; Elahe Shiezade
Abstract
Action oriented Futures studies; A comparative study of Futures studies and Action research emphasizing their combined application in research Abstract Futures studies is the field that encompasses a variety of objectives, and despite the many differences with action research, each one of them have ...
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Action oriented Futures studies; A comparative study of Futures studies and Action research emphasizing their combined application in research Abstract Futures studies is the field that encompasses a variety of objectives, and despite the many differences with action research, each one of them have unique methodology, it can be seen some common aspect across a number of domains: political, organizational, grassroots, global and individual. In this regard, after examining the point of presences and differences between futures studies and action research, the studies in this field have been reviewed and the confluence of futures studies and action research has been considered. After radical processes evaluation in the field of futures studies and action research involve social change, empowerment, humanization, ways of knowing and ethics. Accordingly, it is explained that although futures studies and action research have their own ontologies, they are represented different periods in a common journey. Keywords: Futures studies, Action research, Action oriented Futures studies.
nasibeh zarei manoojan; Massoud Hosseinchari; bahram jowkar; Razieh Sheikholeslami
Abstract
One of the crucial needs of students for entering the next stages of life is earning academic psychological capital at school, a capital facilitating their entrance to organizational community and university. Considering the importance of psychological capital in the area of education and lack of a valid ...
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One of the crucial needs of students for entering the next stages of life is earning academic psychological capital at school, a capital facilitating their entrance to organizational community and university. Considering the importance of psychological capital in the area of education and lack of a valid and reliable instrument for measuring it during the high school period, the present study attempted to fill this gap and to provide evidence related to determining the reliability and validity of the academic psychological capital scale. This scale was designed and developed on the first and second secondary levels at Manoojan, Iran. A sample of 260 participants were chosen through convenience sampling and responded to the questionnaire items. For determining the reliability and construct validity of the scale, first and secondary confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all four factors identified based on the theoretical underpinning of the study were confirmed. The criterion validity was assessed through correlation of the results with those obtained from the Lootanz's (2007) psychological capital scale, and the total reliability coefficient for the scale developed in the study was found to be .92. Consequently, it can be stated that the developed scale can be used in research studies in the realm of academic psychological capital.
Mohammad Naqi Akbari; Hamid Rahimian; Abbas abbaspour; saeed Ghiasi Nadooshan
Abstract
This study has been done to design and validate the performance evaluation tool of the presidents of universities in Afghanistan. To perform this study, the mixed method with explorative plan- tool development model- is used. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part, included the ...
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This study has been done to design and validate the performance evaluation tool of the presidents of universities in Afghanistan. To perform this study, the mixed method with explorative plan- tool development model- is used. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part, included the senior managers of of Kabul public universities and authorities of higher education of Afghanistan, is made of 42 people; A sample of 10 people was selected through a targeted sampling method. Also, in the quantitative part, the statistical population is made of 1457 people including the professors of Kabul public universities in which 304 people were selected random stratified sampling. In order to collect data, semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaire was used in a quantitative part. For analyzing the data, the thematic analysis was used in the qualitative part and confirmatory factor analysis method with AMOS software was used in a quantitative part. The results of analysis in the qualitative and quantitative sections showed that the developed instrument for evaluating the performance of the universitiy presidents in Afghanistan consists of 16 components with 56 indicators. in addition, goodness of fit indices such as, (CMIN/DF) equal to 1.57, (RMSEA) equal to 0.048, (RMR) equal to 0.08, (CFI) equal to 0.94, (IFI) equal to 0.92, shows that the designed tools tool in the qualitative section of has a very favorable fitness.The tools designed in this study will provide a tool for evaluating the performance and determining the status of university management in Afghanistan, which can be used to assess and even identify the needs of university presidents.
Roshanak Khodabakhsh Pirkalani; raziyeh chegini; mohammad Atari
Abstract
Abstract Background: MACH-IV has been extensively used in personality psychology. The present study aimed to translate and validate MACH-IV in Iranian context. Method: Following a standard back-translation technique, MACH-IV was translated into Persian. A preliminary discussion group with 20 students ...
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Abstract Background: MACH-IV has been extensively used in personality psychology. The present study aimed to translate and validate MACH-IV in Iranian context. Method: Following a standard back-translation technique, MACH-IV was translated into Persian. A preliminary discussion group with 20 students from university of Tehran improved the readability of the scale. A sample of 299 participants was recruited using snowball sampling method. Item analysis, factor analysis, parallel analysis, convergent validity assessment, and internal consistency evaluation were performed to ensure validity and reliability of the Persian version of MACH-IV. Dirty Dozen (DD) was used as a convergent measure. Results: item analysis suggested that 3 items (items 14, 17, and 20) did not have psychometric sufficiency in Iranian context. Remaining 17 items were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Parallel analysis suggested 2 factors to be retained. These two factors were labeled as cynical worldview and manipulative tendency. MACH-IV and its subscales converged with Machiavellianism subscale of DD strongly. Internal consistency coefficients of the two subscales and total MACH-IV were 0.73, 0.66, and 0.74 respectively. Conclusion: the 17-item Persian version of the MACH-IV has adequate psychometric properties to be used in research and subclinical settings.
seyedeh khadijeh Amirian; Mansoure Hajhosseini; Mina Nezami; Simin Ebrahimi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the scale of student discussion engagement among students of the University of Tehran. The scale of student discussion engagement conceptualizes discussion in the form of a group question and answer that requires an understanding of the overall atmosphere of a class ...
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The aim of this study was to validate the scale of student discussion engagement among students of the University of Tehran. The scale of student discussion engagement conceptualizes discussion in the form of a group question and answer that requires an understanding of the overall atmosphere of a class and the participation of individuals who promote the engagement of others. This scale measures the behavior and experiences of classmates in the four dimensions of measuring skills, self-confidence, openness to discussion, and perception of the overall atmosphere of the classroom. Participants were 403 students of the University of Tehran in different stages who were selected by random sampling. Participants responded to questionnaires on discussion engagement, academic engagement, general self-efficacy (GSES), and the classroom learning environment (CLC) provided online. Data were analyzed in several steps including item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, divergent validity and reliability. The results of item analysis showed that all items have the necessary adequacy in terms of descriptive criteria. In exploratory factor analysis, deleting two items and re-analyzing the remaining items led to the identification of four factors. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factor structure identified in the exploratory factor analysis. Evidence showed that the scale student discussion engagement has convergent validity, divergent validity and good reliability.
Mohammad Ali Besharat; Hojjatollah Farahani; Niloufar Farsijani
Abstract
The present study examined psychometric properties of a 20-item Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS-20) in adult students. The aim of the study was developmental-applied and the method of gathering data was field research. The statistical population of the study 1 consisted of adult students, ...
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The present study examined psychometric properties of a 20-item Spiritual/Religious Perfectionism Scale (SRPS-20) in adult students. The aim of the study was developmental-applied and the method of gathering data was field research. The statistical population of the study 1 consisted of adult students, both under graduated and graduated, from the University of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019. The statistical population of the study 2 consisted of adults from general population living in Tehran in the years of 2018 and 2019. Factor structure of the SRPS-20 investigated using exploratory factor analyses in study 1 (368 university students) as well as using confirmatory factor analyses in study 2 (384 community adults). Convergent and discriminant validity of the SRPS-20 were examined through its correlations with measures of ego strength, mental health, and positive/negative affects in the 2 studies based on Ego Strength Scale (Besharat, 2016), Mental Health Inventory (Veit & Ware, 1983), and Positive and Negative Affects Schedule (Watson, Clarke & Tellegen, 1988), respectively. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the SRPS-20 were also investigated in the 2 studies. The results of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a general factor structure for the SRPS-20. The convergent and discriminant validity of the SRPS-20 were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of ego strength, psychological well-being, psychological distress, and positive and negative affects. Based on the preliminary evidence provided by the present study it can be concluded that the SRPS-20 is a reliable and valid scale to measure spiritual/religious perfectionism.
hossein kordlu; hossein Alimohammadi; Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi; Nasrin Azizian Kohan
Abstract
The expend of social media has significantly changed marketing practices. Organizations are investing in technology to increase their presence on social media. Social media marketing, customer communication, collaboration, and interaction, and encourages their participation. The purpose of this study ...
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The expend of social media has significantly changed marketing practices. Organizations are investing in technology to increase their presence on social media. Social media marketing, customer communication, collaboration, and interaction, and encourages their participation. The purpose of this study was to validation and Reliability of social media marketing scale in sports. This study was descriptive and correlational studies. The statistical population of the present study was the customers of sports and entertainment complexes in Hamadan. According to the minimum sample size criterion required for data collection in factor analysis, 260 customers were selected as a statistical sample. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among the samples. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed from the literature review of the research subject into five components: information, comfort, social interaction, well-being and entertainment. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was determined with the help of 10 sports marketing experts. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis to identify components and confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the structure. The results showed that the reliability of the components of the questionnaire was acceptable. Regarding the relationship between agents and social media marketing, the results showed that all factors could be a good explanation for the concept of social media marketing; The Ratio indicators 2/df=1.88, RMSEA=0.058, NNFI=.98, NFI=.97, CFI=0.99, IFI=0.99, RFI=0.99, GFI=.92 confirmed the suitability of the model. As a result, the internal and external validity of the social media marketing model was confirmed. With the approval of the tools mentioned in this study, future researchers can use the current tools to determine social media marketing in sports.
Tayebe Dehghan nayeri; Ali Delavar; Noorali Farrokhi; Ahmad Borjali
Abstract
The major aim of this research was to investigate the precision of the up parametric statistics to detect common response styles in polytomouse data. In the present study, five-choices data was simulated with 25 replication according to a fully-crossed design based on Partial Cradit Rasch model. The ...
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The major aim of this research was to investigate the precision of the up parametric statistics to detect common response styles in polytomouse data. In the present study, five-choices data was simulated with 25 replication according to a fully-crossed design based on Partial Cradit Rasch model. The design included foure types of response styles ;Extreme responding positive, negative, acquiescence and midpoint responding, in four -different situations ; Sample size, test length, percentages of aberrant-responding examinees and percentages of aberrant items was investigated. precision of the Up statistic was high to detect the response styles in all situations respectively; ;Extreme responding negative, positive, acquiescence and it was possible to distinguish between the compatible and aberrant response patterns with the highest precision in these response styles,except to detect the midpoint responding was less precision, in some situations. The Up parametric statistics has high sensitivity to detect common response styles in non-cognitive multiple choice data and it is suggested that be used this statistics to detect of the response styles of extreme responding negative, positive, acquiescence .
Fateme Asl Dehghan; Hamid Rezaeian faraji
Abstract
Values are guide for attitudes in life and are the main motivators of behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Ethical Values questionnaire. In this study, 300 Iranian students participated through an online call. The instruments were ...
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Values are guide for attitudes in life and are the main motivators of behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Ethical Values questionnaire. In this study, 300 Iranian students participated through an online call. The instruments were the Persian version of the Ethical Values Assessment questionnaire (Padilla & Jensen., 2016), Flourishing scale (Diner, 2010) and Professional Ethics (Cadozier, 2002). The results of face, content and structure validity analysis showed the optimal validity of the scale. Findings from factor analysis confirmed the 3D factors of the scale. The model fit indices were in good condition. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.85 and for the dimensions of autonomy, Community and divinity were 0.77, 0.65 and 0.91, respectively. The convergence of the ethical values score with the professional ethics and flourishing score was confirmed. Based on the findings, the psychometric properties of the Ethical Values Scale in Iranian society are appropriate and its use in psychometric evaluations and research is recommended.
Abdolbaset Mahmoudpour; Asyie Shariatmadar; Ahmad Borjali; Abdollah Shafiabadi
Abstract
Abstract Changes in the lives of the elderly can have profound effects on the lives of the elderly and their mental health. If one is flexible and adaptable, one can cope more with these changes. The present study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Distress Tolerance Scale ...
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Abstract Changes in the lives of the elderly can have profound effects on the lives of the elderly and their mental health. If one is flexible and adaptable, one can cope more with these changes. The present study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) in the elderly. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study included the elderly in the empty nest in Tehran in 2021. Among them, 278 eligible people who volunteered to participate in the study were selected as a sample by the sampling method and the Simmons and Gaher distress tolerance questionnaire (2005) responded. The results of exploratory factor analysis using the principal components method, in addition to the general factor of anxiety tolerance, confirmed four factors (tolerance, absorption, evaluation and regulation) for the anxiety tolerance questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine its factor validity. The results showed that the questionnaire has an acceptable internal consistency and the reliability coefficients of the distress tolerance questionnaire are between 0.64 and 0.82. Also, the total reliability coefficient of the questionnaire is equal to 0.89. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used to determine factor validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirm that the structure of the questionnaire has an acceptable fit with the data and all goodness indicators of the fit confirm the model. Therefore, considering the desirable psychometric properties, this questionnaire is a suitable tool for determining Distress Tolerance tolerance.
Hadi Samadieh; Farhad Tanhaye Reshvanloo; Talieh Saeidi Rezvani; Leila Talebzadeh
Abstract
A fundamental dimension along which all social and personal relationships vary is closeness. The purpose of present study was to investigate the factor structure and Item-Response parameters of the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale. In a descriptive-correlational design and test validation ...
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A fundamental dimension along which all social and personal relationships vary is closeness. The purpose of present study was to investigate the factor structure and Item-Response parameters of the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale. In a descriptive-correlational design and test validation 180 Birjand University students in the first study and 250 students in the second study were selected through multi-stage random sampling and completed the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (Dibel, Levin & Park, 2012). The data were analyzed by internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, discrimination and threshold parameters and Item and test information curves. Results showed that the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness scale had a one-factor structure with explained variance of 63.39. Confirmatory factor validity was also confirmed. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.95 and 0.93 and split half coefficients were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively in two studies. The Item-Response parameters were also at the optimum level. It seems that the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness scale, and in particular the structure of its 12 item versions, has a good reliability and validity in students.
Mohammad Khodayarifard; Elaheh Hejazi; Marjan Hassaniraad; Robert McGrath
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to classify character strengths and virtues, and construct and validate its assessment questionnaire in the Iranian student population. The present research method was of the qualitative-quantitative mixed type. In the qualitative section, Grounded Theory (GT) was used. ...
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The aim of the present study was to classify character strengths and virtues, and construct and validate its assessment questionnaire in the Iranian student population. The present research method was of the qualitative-quantitative mixed type. In the qualitative section, Grounded Theory (GT) was used. Thirty-five students in the form of six focus groups (including 24 female students and 11 male students) from among the undergraduate and graduate students of University of [1]Tehran were selected, using judgmental sampling and were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Responses were analyzed by content analysis and the use of two methods of framework and matrix analyses through the MAXQDA10 software. The findings indicated the existence of four factors or virtues in Iranian society: wisdom (including analytical thinking, self-regulation, moderation and prudence, and love of learning), courage (including bravery and honesty), humanity (including justice and fairness, kindness, and forgiveness) and transcendence (including appreciation of beauty and excellence, hope, and spirituality). The second study was conducted using a non-experimental (descriptive) method and a survey plan on 456 students. Analysis of the main components by varimax rotation showed a four-factor structure. These findings suggest that the Iranian Character Strengths Questionnaire can provide reliable data.
hossein souri; parvin kadivar; hadi kramati; hamidreza hasanabadi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to designing the Structural Equation Model of bystander’s behavior of bullying in school based on moral disengagement and moral sensitivity with the mediation role of empathy. The target population of this study was male and female secondary school students in Lorestan ...
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The purpose of this study is to designing the Structural Equation Model of bystander’s behavior of bullying in school based on moral disengagement and moral sensitivity with the mediation role of empathy. The target population of this study was male and female secondary school students in Lorestan province in the year of 2018-2019. The total of 617 students were selected through cluster sampling. Participants responded to the scale of Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS), Ethical Sensitivity Scale, Participant Role Scales and Self-Importance of Basic Empathy Scale (BES). The results showed that the research model with the research data was good fitness and acceptable. The results of structural equation modeling shows that moral disengagement and moral sensitivity associated with bystander’s behavior. In other words, those who have high moral disengagement and low moral sensitivity behave more harmfully. In addition, the results indicate that empathy have a mediator role in relation between bystander’s behavior of bullying in school, moral disengagement and moral sensitivity. n total, seems that empathy can serve as a mediator or mechanism in the relationship between moral disengagement, moral sensitivity, and bystander’s behavior of during bullying, resulting in more positive outcomes and fewer negative outcomes for individuals.
Zahra Mesbah; khadijeh abolmali; Farideh Hamidi
Abstract
The present study aimed to construct, identify and validate the Readiness Questionnaire for of readiness for change in adolescent girls. The research method was a sequential exploratory combination with a tool compilation model. The research method in the qualitative part of text analysis in deductive-inductive ...
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The present study aimed to construct, identify and validate the Readiness Questionnaire for of readiness for change in adolescent girls. The research method was a sequential exploratory combination with a tool compilation model. The research method in the qualitative part of text analysis in deductive-inductive method and statistical population included books and articles related to theories and factors affecting the readiness for change and the sample was selected purposefully. In a small part of the society, it included female students in the second year of high school in District 5 of Tehran in 2009-2010. 300 students randomly selected a two-step cluster method and completed the Readiness to Change questionnaire. To confirm the data, the confirmatory factor analysis was used first, the fitness indicators were not desirable in the first step. After using exploratory factor analysis by way of combining items, confirmatory factor analysis was used again and the fit indices indicated the fit of the model with the collected data. Accordingly, the factors of skills, personality traits, adaptability and risk-taking were confirmed. The internal consistency of the questionnaire and the components for the mentioned factors were 0.66, 0.71, 0.68 and 0.72, respectively, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.83. The average extracted variance (AVE) of the components is 0.652, 0.625, 0.528 and 0.510, respectively, indicating that the extracted components have an acceptable convergent validity. The reliability of the whole test was also estimated to be 0.88. The questionnaire can be used for research purposes, and psychologists can use it to measure the readiness of adolescent girls to change.
Ali Sheykholreslami; Niloofar Sharif; Masood Rezazadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the revised scale of manifest anxiety in children-the second edition in the students' studies. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of sales. The statistical population of the study included ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the revised scale of manifest anxiety in children-the second edition in the students' studies. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of sales. The statistical population of the study included all students studying between the ages of 15 and 17 in Ardabil city. According to the Cochran's formula, the optimal sample for this study was 290 people. Therefore, 300 people were selected as the sample. First, the English form was translated into Persian, then the translation was reversed, and in the first run, the ambiguous questions were removed, and finally the final scale was implemented. After collecting the data, confirmatory factor analysis method, Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach's retesting and alpha correlation method were used for analysis. The reliability coefficient of the scale was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of 0.87. Also, the results of Pearson correlation coefficients of the apparent anxiety variable with the four factors and the use of confirmatory factor analysis method confirmed the validity of the structure and all fitness indicators were in a favorable situation above 0.90. The results of this study, along with other foreign studies, indicate the optimal psychometric characteristics of this tool, so that this tool can be used in anxiety screening in schools and clinical trials.
gholamreza yadegarzadeh; adel fatemi; Mostafa Rastgar Agah
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the divergence of the questions of the master's and doctoral exams of a number of statistical courses during the years 1397-1393 from the topics approved by the Supreme Planning Council. For this purpose, the main topics and sub-topics (with the title of main ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the divergence of the questions of the master's and doctoral exams of a number of statistical courses during the years 1397-1393 from the topics approved by the Supreme Planning Council. For this purpose, the main topics and sub-topics (with the title of main cluster, sub-cluster and topics) were first identified based on the course titles approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, on which the master's and doctoral entrance exams are designed. In the next step, the frequency distribution of the mentioned test booklet questions in specific time intervals in each topic was extracted and the distance of this distribution of questions in the clusters with the ideal and expected distribution of specialized experts was calculated and tested. The Chi-square test was used to examine the divergence and the Jeffrey index was used to evaluate the good fit of the two distributions as well as the information distance. The sample studied in this study is a case study consisting of a total of eight courses, two courses "Statistics and Experimental Design" in the master's degree exam in agricultural engineering and also four specialized master's degree courses in statistics (mathematical statistics, regression, sampling and basics of probability) And two specialized doctoral courses in this field (probability and statistical inference). The results show that out of eight non-specialized courses in only one course (experimental design in the field of agricultural engineering) and of course in 2016 the rate of divergence was significant (P-Value = 0.28, Chi-square = 8.88 , Jeffrey). Also, among the specialized courses in the field of statistics, the degree of divergence from the ideal situation for one of the courses (probability course of the doctoral exam in statistics in 1396) is significant (0.46P-Value <0.01, Chi-square = 12.50, Jeffrey =).
Nezam Hashemi; Rojina Ahmadpour; syed bahaadin karimi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the position of research-oriented approach in the sixth grade elementary school thinking and research book using Shannon entropy technique. Descriptive research is a type of content analysis using Shannon entropy method. The statistical population includes all ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the position of research-oriented approach in the sixth grade elementary school thinking and research book using Shannon entropy technique. Descriptive research is a type of content analysis using Shannon entropy method. The statistical population includes all text, images, self-examination and activities of the sixth grade elementary school thinking and research book. The statistical sample is a total number. The research tool was a content analysis checklist that was based on the components of central research compiled by Ardakani, Maleki, Sadeghi and Dartaj (1396) and included 14 components, which include; Research, collaboration, problem solving, creativity, communication skills, critical thinking, cooperation, independent learning, metacognition, curiosity, responsibility, flexibility, independence and open-mindedness. The results showed that in the sixth grade elementary school thinking and research book, the most attention has been paid to the research component and the least attention has been paid to the Sa'eh Sadr component, and the other components of importance include; Collaboration and problem solving are creativity, communication skills, critical thinking, cooperation and collaboration, independent learning, metacognition, curiosity, responsibility, flexibility, independence. In between, the two components of curiosity and responsibility have been equally considered.
Alireza Reisi ghorban abadi; Somayeh Pourehsan; Mahshid Tajrobehkar
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and construction and validation of a questionnaire for teachers' organizational citizenship behavior to assess them. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study includes all ...
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The purpose of this study was to identify teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and construction and validation of a questionnaire for teachers' organizational citizenship behavior to assess them. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study includes all secondary education teachers (districts 1 and 2) during the 1399-1400 school year in Kerman city .Sampling method was available in this study that in the preliminary implementation of the sample size of 30 people and in the final implementation of 384 teachers were selected as the sample size.To collect the data, teachers' organizational citizenship behavior questionnaires developed by the researchers of the present study (including 35 questions and 5 dimensions), organizational bullying of Inerson et al. (2009) and organizational citizenship behavior of Padsakov et al. (1990) were used. Research data were used through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was 0.95 using Cronbach's alpha method. . In the present study, content and structural validity were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, and the results showed that all items of the questionnaire had high validity. As a result, all items of the questionnaire measure the teachers' organizational citizenship behavior, and the questionnaire has significant reliability and validity and can be used to measure the teachers' organizational citizenship behavior.
Marziyeh Karimi; SADEGH NASRI; Fatemeh Ghaemi
Abstract
Parental stress has significant negative effects on the physical and mental health of parents of children with autism. The aim of the research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the parenting stress scale in mothers of children with autism. The survey research method and the statistical ...
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Parental stress has significant negative effects on the physical and mental health of parents of children with autism. The aim of the research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the parenting stress scale in mothers of children with autism. The survey research method and the statistical population of mothers with a child with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran in the spring of 2022. The statistical sample was 276 mothers of children with autism who were selected in an available manner. The tools used to measure autism parenting stress scales were Petrosvan and Miles (2009) and resilience of Conner and Davidson (2003). Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. SPSS version 25 and Smart PLS version 3.2 software were also used. The findings showed that the Cronbach's alpha value of the autism parenting stress scale is equal to 0.953 and for the four components of the child's behaviors and communication, care stress, supporting the child's needs and personal and family life, the reliability coefficients are between 0.76 and 0.92. Composite reliability was obtained for the whole scale of 0.962 and for the components between 0.86 and 0.93. The face and content validity of the scale was confirmed by the opinions of parents and experts. Criterion validity using resilience scale has been equally acceptable. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that while the scale has favorable convergent and divergent validity, the four-factor model was confirmed. Considering the appropriate reliability and validity, it is recommended to clinical experts and researchers to use the mentioned scale to measure the parenting stress of mothers.
Seyed Mohammadreza Alavizadeh; Jahanshah Mohammadzadeh; Somaye Entezari; Gabriele Caselli
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is an addictive disorder that is not considered as much as other addictive disorders, and therefore psychometric instruments to diagnosis and treat of GD are limited. The purpose of the present study was to standardize the metacognition about gambling questionnaire (MGQ) among ...
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Gambling disorder (GD) is an addictive disorder that is not considered as much as other addictive disorders, and therefore psychometric instruments to diagnosis and treat of GD are limited. The purpose of the present study was to standardize the metacognition about gambling questionnaire (MGQ) among university students. The participants in this study were 99 (58 females and 41 males) undergraduate and postgraduate students who were they selected via snowball sampling. Participants completed an online Persian format of the MGQ and the GD checklist. The results have indicated that this questionnaire has good psychometric properties. The reliability of this questionnaire with internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha was 0.85, and the split-half was 0.84; the composite reliability for positive and negative metacognitive sub-scales were 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. The validity of this questionnaire was as a criterion validity with the GD checklist for positive and negative metacognitive sub-scales of 0.58 and 0.72, respectively. The construct validity was 0.95, and the discriminant validity was in the range of 0.72 to 0.93; in addition, the convergent validity for positive and negative metacognitive sub-scales, respectively, were 0.56 and 0.52, respectively; and finally the unidimensionality of markers was confirmed. Finally, the 10-question form was confirmed by the two-component model of the questionnaire with a prediction power of 0.95. Based on these findings, the MGQ is a standard instrument that can be used in research and practice by clinical psychologists and researchers involved in gambling disorder.
Fariborz Dortaj; moslem daneshpayeh; fatemeh shakvari vosta
Abstract
Wisdom is one of the highest virtues and in the vast range of social activities, it ultimately improves itself and society. this study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of The San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE). For this purpose, a sample of 350 students of Allameh Tabatabai University (223 ...
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Wisdom is one of the highest virtues and in the vast range of social activities, it ultimately improves itself and society. this study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of The San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE). For this purpose, a sample of 350 students of Allameh Tabatabai University (223 females and 132 males) was selected by Stratified random sampling. and answered the SD-WISE questions, which consists of the six components of Social Advising, Emotional Regulation, Decisiveness, Insight, Pro-Social Behaviors, Tolerance for Divergent Values. The statistical characteristics, item analysis, validity coefficients, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the psychometric properties of the scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.81. The correlation between this scale and the three-dimensional wisdom scale was 0.56, which indicates the validity of the questionnaire.The results showed that after several runs of factor analysis and extraction of different solutions, five factors were extracted using the varimax method. Percentage of the variance shared by variables for the five factors, overall, can explain 54.236 percent of the total variance of variables. In addition, the model of confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the extracted factors, for which two models were compared and evaluated: the factor structure of the original version and the factor structure derived using the LISREL measurement model. The fit indices showed that the derived five-factor model has better fitness to the data than the original model.
Fateme Nematollahi; molouk khademi Ashkzari
Abstract
AbstractCuriosity is the most important intrinsic asset of children that is used in search of knowledge and acquisition of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Children’s Interest/Deprivation Epistemic Curiosity Scale among 5 to 9 years old ...
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AbstractCuriosity is the most important intrinsic asset of children that is used in search of knowledge and acquisition of knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Children’s Interest/Deprivation Epistemic Curiosity Scale among 5 to 9 years old children living in Tehran who were studying in schools or kindergartens in the academic year 1398-1399. The study was descriptive cross-sectional survey research and, 985 children were selected by multi-stage stratified-cluster sampling. Initially, the Persian version of the Children’s Interest/Deprivation Epistemic Curiosity Scale is achieved by translating “Children’s Interest/Deprivation Epistemic Curiosity Scale (Piotrowski et al., 2014)”. This Scale is in the form of a parental report and has two types of interest and deprivation. The analysis of scale items based on the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for interest type, deprivation type, and epistemic curiosity was 0.708, 0.795, and 0.734, respectively, which indicated its good internal consistency. The results of the test-retest reliability test also showed the stability of the scale. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good and appropriate fit of the two-factor model of the scale with data. In general, the results of the research indicate that the Persian version of the Children’s Interest/Deprivation Epistemic Curiosity Scale has appropriate psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian children aged 5-9 years.
