نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
استاد دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، هنجاریابی آزمون بینایی- حرکتی بندر گشتالت II برای کودکان مدارس ابتدایی شیراز بوده است. در این هنجاریابی 473 دختر و 427 پسر 4 تا 11 ساله از 8 مدرسه واقع در نواحی چهارگانه‌ی آموزش و پرورش شیراز و براساس روش نمونه گیری طبقه بندی شده تصادفی، انتخاب شدند. روش: برای بررسی پایایی آزمون از روشهای بازآزمایی و تنصیف استفاده شد. به منظور احراز روایی آزمون از 4 روش استفاده شد: مقایسه‌ی آزمون بندر گشتالت II و آزمون بندر گشتالت (سیستم نمرهگذاری کوپیتز)، مقایسه با آزمون خط زنی، بررسی نحوه عملکرد کودکان مبتلا به ADHD و LD در آزمون بندر گشتالت II. در این راستا برای دو روش اول از ضرایب همبستگی و برای دو روش دوم از آزمون t مستقل استفاده شد. یافته‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری: ضریب پایایی حاصل از بازآزمایی آزمون در مرحله نسخه برداری برابر با 94/0 و در مرحله یادآوری 76/0 بود. میانگین کلی ضریب پایایی تنصیف برای تمام رده های سنی برابر با 80/0 محاسبه شد. نتایج حاصل از سنجش روایی آزمون نشانگر روایی بالای آزمون بندر گشتالت II برای استفاده در ایران بوده و بیانگر این نکته است که در این فرهنگ نیز از این آزمون می‌توان به عنوان ابزار سنجشی و تشخیصی مناسبی استفاده کرد. یکی از نتایج این هنجاریابی آن بود که برخلاف گفته‌ی کوپیتز (1963)، عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی می‌تواند روی نحوه‌ی کارکرد کودکان در آزمون بندر گشتالت II اثر بگذارد. بدین معنی که کودکان متعلق به گروه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی بالاتر، نسبت به گروه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی پایین‌تر، در آزمون بندر گشتالت II کارکرد بهتری از خود نشان می‌دهند. در این هنجاریابی عملکرد آزمودنی‌های دختر به طور معنیداری بهتر از عملکرد آزمودنی‌های پسر بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Standardization of Bender-Gestalt II in Children Aged between 4 and 11 Years in Shiraz
نویسندگان [English]
- afroze bahramian
- habib hadianfard
- n mohamadi
- changiz rahimi
چکیده [English]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed at the standardization of Bender Gestalt II for preschool andprimary school-children in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 473 girls and 427 boys aged 4 to 11 years who were selected using stratified random sampling from eight schools located in four education districts of Shiraz.
Methods: Test-retest and split-half methods were used for studying the reliability of the test. To assess the validity of the test, four procedures were used, namely comparison of BG II and Bender-Gestalt test (Koppitz scoring system), comparison with Cancellation test, studying the performance of ADHD and LD children in BG II. In this regard, correlation coefficients were used for the first two procedures, and independent T was used for the last two procedures.
Results and Conclusion: The reliability coefficient obtained in copy phase was 0.94 and in recall phase was 0.76. The mean of split-half reliability coefficient for all age groups was 0.80. The results of validity assessment showed high validity of BG II for use in Iran, a fact suggesting that BG II can be used as a suitable assessment tool in the Iranian culture. A result of the standardization was that contrary to Koppitz's finding (1963), children's performance in BG II could be affected by cultural and social factors. In other words, children from higher cultural and social groups had a better performance compared to children from lower cultural and social groups. In this study, the performance of girls was significantly better than that of boys.
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed at the standardization of Bender Gestalt II for preschool andprimary school-children in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 473 girls and 427 boys aged 4 to 11 years who were selected using stratified random sampling from eight schools located in four education districts of Shiraz.
Methods: Test-retest and split-half methods were used for studying the reliability of the test. To assess the validity of the test, four procedures were used, namely comparison of BG II and Bender-Gestalt test (Koppitz scoring system), comparison with Cancellation test, studying the performance of ADHD and LD children in BG II. In this regard, correlation coefficients were used for the first two procedures, and independent T was used for the last two procedures.
Results and Conclusion: The reliability coefficient obtained in copy phase was 0.94 and in recall phase was 0.76. The mean of split-half reliability coefficient for all age groups was 0.80. The results of validity assessment showed high validity of BG II for use in Iran, a fact suggesting that BG II can be used as a suitable assessment tool in the Iranian culture. A result of the standardization was that contrary to Koppitz's finding (1963), children's performance in BG II could be affected by cultural and social factors. In other words, children from higher cultural and social groups had a better performance compared to children from lower cultural and social groups. In this study, the performance of girls was significantly better than that of boys.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Keywords: Standardization
- Bender Gestalt II Test
- children
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