نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران

چکیده

یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه امروزه به دلیل تأثیرات قابل‌توجه و ارزشمندش بر یادگیری، در آموزش عالی مورداستفاده قرار گرفته است و رویکردی مؤثر برای افزایش آگاهی دانشجویان از یادگیری، تعامل آن‌ها با زمینه یادگیری و انعطاف‌پذیری دانشجویان نسبت به ایده‌های جدید در یادگیری است؛ اما هنوز ابزاری برای بررسی این مؤلفه تدوین نشده لذا تحقیق حاضر با هدف ساخت، عامل یابی و رواسازی پرسشنامه یادگیری ذهن آگاه در دانشجویان انجام شد. در این تحقیق 256 دانشجو از واحد الکترونیک دانشگاه آزاد تهران به‌صورت بر خط و در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. برای ساخت این پرسشنامه از روش ترکیبی اکتشافی با مدل تدوین ابزار استفاده شد. به‌این‌ترتیب که نخست در بخش کیفی تحلیل متن به شیوه قیاسی-استقرایی از کتاب‌ها ‌و مقالات مرتبط با یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه که از پایگاه‌های گوگل اسکالر و الزویر انتخاب شده بود صورت گرفت و عوامل مؤثر بر یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه از کتاب یادگیری ذهن آگاه (Langer, 2000) با تلفیق گویه‌های پرسشنامه ذهن آگاهی (Baer et al., 2008) و پرسشنامه دانش‌آموزان ذهن آگاه (Renshaw, 2017) استخراج و روی نمونه اولیه اجرا شد. سپس در بخش کمی، به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها نخست از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی بهره گرفته شد اما شاخص‌های برازش در گام اول مطلوب نبود که با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی به روش تلفیق گویه‌ها، بار دیگر تحلیل عاملی اجرا شد و شاخص‌های برازش، تناسب مدل با داده‌های گردآوری‌شده را تأیید کرد بر این اساس بار عاملی همه نشانگرها بزرگ‌تر از 32/0 بود که بیانگر توان هر یک از بسته‌های تلفیق‌شده گویه‌های پرسشنامه در سنجش عامل‌های پنج‌گانه آن است. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ کل پرسشنامه 94/0 بود که همبستگی مثبت و معنادار را بین عامل‌ها و نمره کل یادگیری ذهن آگاه نشان می‌دهد و حاکی از روایی همگرای قابل‌قبول آن است. همچنین پایایی کل آزمون به روش بازآزمایی معادل 79/0 برآورد شد. نتیجه این مطالعه روایی و پایایی مناسب پرسشنامه یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه در دانشجویان است که برای سنجش و پژوهش این مؤلفه قابل‌استفاده است.
در این تحقیق 256 دانشجو از واحد الکترونیک دانشگاه آزاد تهران به صورت بر خط و در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. برای ساخت این پرسشنامه از روش ترکیبی اکتشافی با مدل تدوین ابزار استفاده شد. به این ترتیب که نخست در بخش کیفی تحلیل متن به شیوه قیاسی-استقرایی از کتابها ‌و مقالات مرتبط با یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه که از پایگاههای گوگل اسکالر و الزویر انتخاب شده بود صورت گرفت و عوامل موثر بر یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه از کتاب یادگیری ذهن آگاه(E. J. Langer, 2000) با تلفیق گویه های پرسشنامه ذهن آگاهی(Baer et al., 2008)وپرسشنامه دانش آموزان ذهن آگاه(Renshaw, 2017) استخراج و روی نمونه اولیه اجرا شد. سپس در بخش کمی، به منظور تحلیل داده ها نخست از تحلیل عاملی تاییدی بهره گرفته شد اما شاخص‌های برازش در گام اول مطلوب نبود که با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی به روش تلفیق گویه ها، بار دیگر تحلیل عاملی اجرا شد و شاخص‌های برازش، تناسب مدل با داده های گردآوری شده را تایید کرد براین اساس بار عاملی همه نشانگرها بزرگتر از 32/0 بود که بیانگر توان هر یک از بسته های تلفیق شده گویه های پرسشنامه در سنجش عامل های پنج گانه آن است. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ کل پرسشنامه 94/0بود که همبستگی مثبت و معنادار را بین عامل ها و نمره کل یادگیری ذهن آگاه نشان می‌دهد و حاکی از روایی همگرای قابل قبول آن است. همچنین پایایی کل آزمون به روش بازآزمایی معادل 79/0 برآورد شد.
نتیجه این مطالعه روایی و پایایی مناسب پرسشنامه یادگیری ذهن‌آگاه در دانشجویان است که برای سنجش و پژوهش این مولفه قابل استفاده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Construction and Validation of the Mindful Learning Questionnaire

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadis Foroodisefat 1
  • Khadijeh Abolmaali Alhosseini 2
  • Mohammad Azad Abdollahpour 3

1 PhD student of Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, N T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Mindful learning has recently been used in higher education due to its significant and valuable effects on learning, and it is an effective approach for increasing students' awareness of learning, their engagement with the learning context, and their flexibility toward new ideas in learning. However, no instrument has yet been developed to assess this component. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of constructing, factor analyzing, and validating a Mindful Learning Questionnaire for university students. In this study, 256 students from the Electronics Unit of Islamic Azad University of Tehran were selected through online convenience sampling and responded to the questionnaire. To construct this questionnaire, an exploratory mixed method with an instrument development model was used. In the qualitative phase, text analysis was conducted in a deductive-inductive manner using books and articles related to mindful learning selected from Google Scholar and Elsevier. Factors affecting mindful learning were extracted from the book Mindful Learning (Langer, 2000) by combining items from the Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2008) and the Mindful Student Questionnaire (Renshaw, 2017), and were then implemented in a preliminary sample. In the quantitative phase, confirmatory factor analysis was first used for data analysis; however, the fit indices were not satisfactory at the first step. Using exploratory factor analysis with an item parceling method, factor analysis was conducted again, and the fit indices confirmed the fit of the model with the collected data. Accordingly, the factor loadings of all indicators were greater than 0.32, indicating the power of each of the integrated item parcels in measuring its five factors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.94, showing a positive and significant correlation between the factors and the total score of mindful learning, indicating acceptable convergent validity. Also, the reliability of the whole test was estimated as 0.79 using the test-retest method. The result of this study is the appropriate validity and reliability of the Mindful Learning Questionnaire for use with students, which can be used to measure and research this component.
Mindful Learning Questionnaire among university students
combined exploratory method with a tool compilation model was used.In the qualitative part, text analysis was done in a deductive-inductive way from books and articles related to mindful learning that were selected from Google Scholar and Elsevier databasesFactors affecting mindful learning were extracted from the book Mindful Learning(E. J. Langer, 2000) by combining items from the Mindfulness Questionnaire(Baer et al., 2008) and the Mindful Student Questionnaire(Renshaw, 2017) and were implemented on the prototype and implemented with a sample. In the quantitative part, the statistical population consisted of 256 students from the electronics unit of Tehran Azad University in 2023-2024, who were selected online and available and completed the questionnaire.
fit of the model with the collected data. confirmed Therefore, the factor load of all indicators was greater than 0.32, which indicates the power of each of the integrated packages of questionnaire items in measuring its five factors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.94, which shows a positive and significant correlation between the factors and the total score of conscious mindful learning and indicates its acceptable convergent validity. Also, the reliability of the whole test was estimated as 0.79 by retest method.
The result of this study is the appropriate validity and reliability of the Mindful Learning Questionnaire in students, which can be used to measure and research this component.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mindful learning
  • Factoring
  • Validity
  • Online education
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