راهبردهای آماری برای عینی‌سازی اشباع نظری در مطالعات کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری سنجش و اندازه‌گیری دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
حجم نمونه در مطالعات کیفی مرتبط با اشباع نظری است. اشباع نظری به این معناست که پژوهشگر نمونه‌گیری و جمع‌آوری داده‌ها را تا زمانی ادامه دهد که با بینش و مفهومی جدیدی مواجه نشود؛ اما همواره تعداد مصاحبه‌ها و ادعای دستیابی به اشباع موضوعی مناقشه برانگیز بوده است و نمی‌توان هر ادعای رسیدن به اشباع نظری را درست قلمداد کرد. این موضوع ازآن‌جهت حائز اهمیت است که تعداد مصاحبه‌های بیشتر از نیاز هزینه و وقت را اتلاف می‌کند و مصاحبه‌های کمتر از نیاز روایی پژوهش را از بین می‌برد. برای رفع این مشکل روش‌های مختلفی مانند توصیه‌هایی بر مبنای تجربه و حساب‌هایی سرانگشتی وجود دارد، لیکن علاقه‌مندی به معیاری عینی‌تر و متکی به آمار نظر متخصصان را بیش از همه به خود جلب کرده است. در این متن دو رویکرد آماری برای تعیین حجم نمونه موردبررسی قرار می‌گیرد. یکی از این روش‌ها به شکل پسینی و دیگر روش به شکل پیشینی حجم نمونه را در مطالعات کیفی برآورد می‌کند. این دو روش بررسی و توضیح داده و شده و درنهایت با هم مقایسه خواهند شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

Statistical Strategies for Objectifying Theoretical Saturation in Qualitative Studies

نویسنده English

Mostafa Rastgar Agah
, PhD in Educational Measurement & Assessment, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

In qualitative studies, sample size is tied to the concept of theoretical saturation. Theoretical saturation occurs when the researcher continues sampling and collecting data until no new insights or concepts emerge. However, the required number of interviews and the assertion that saturation has been achieved remain topics of debate. Not all claims of reaching theoretical saturation can be accepted as valid. This issue is significant because it consumes more time and resources than traditional interviews while excluding interview-based approaches that demand lower research validity. Although various solutions exist—such as experience-based recommendations or rules of thumb—experts have shown growing interest in developing more objective, statistically grounded criteria. This paper examines two statistical approaches for determining sample size in qualitative research: one estimates the sample size a posteriori, while the other does so a priori. These methods will be reviewed, explained, and ultimately compared.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Theoretical Saturation
Sample Size
Sampling
Qualitative Research
Research Method
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