reza sheikh; Najmeh Moodi
Volume 4, Issue 16 , July 2014, , Pages 37-55
Abstract
Questionnaire as the most important tool of collecting data in the social sciences are considered, So, Scientists have made great efforts in their design . The result of these efforts, Introduced a number of Comment and guidelines for improving reliability and validity questionnaires. Survey researcher ...
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Questionnaire as the most important tool of collecting data in the social sciences are considered, So, Scientists have made great efforts in their design . The result of these efforts, Introduced a number of Comment and guidelines for improving reliability and validity questionnaires. Survey researcher shows that Most designers rely on experience rather than scientific principles, therefore, Appling the principles axiom in the questionnaire design (based axiomatic design technique) is the main innovation of this paper. In this study, The faculty Assessment Questionnaire was designed in two stages. Questionnaire designed without applying the principles and using the axiomatic principles. Finally, The results show that the proposed approach leads to the design of the questionnaire with higher reliability and validity
mahnaz ali akbari dehkordi; farhad shaghaghi; ali asghar kako juibari; mARYAM ZARE; zeynab shayghian; fatemeh amir abadi; faegheh khaleghi delavar; hoseynieh shahryari
Volume 2, Issue 8 , July 2012, , Pages 39-64
Abstract
The fact that childhood temperament is one of the most important determinants of adults' emotional and psychological disorders makes early assessment of difficult and problematic temperament necessary. Moreover, appropriate tools are needed to attain this objective. The present study seeks to evaluate ...
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The fact that childhood temperament is one of the most important determinants of adults' emotional and psychological disorders makes early assessment of difficult and problematic temperament necessary. Moreover, appropriate tools are needed to attain this objective. The present study seeks to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of ps-TCI in the Iranian preschoolers. A statistical sample of 200 children from five kindergartens in Shahriar was randomly selected through the process of cluster sampling, and their temperament and personality were tested by 18 kindergarten teachers using the Cloninger’s Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory. After fourteen days, the process was repeated, and its validity and reliability were assessed. The reliability was calculated by test-retest, spilt-half and Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.89, 0.75 and 0.82, respectively. The validity of the inventory was also investigated by convergent validity and exploratory factor analysis. The results from factor analysis and varimax rotation method yielded seven factors, including cooperativeness, harm- avoidance, novelty-seeking, reward-dependence, persistence, self- direction and self-transcendence which accounted for 59.19% of the total variance. The convergent validity was confirmed by computing a correlation coefficient between the subscales together and with total scale, which was significant between 0.62 and 0.71 (p<0.01). In conclusion, Cloninger’s preschool Temperament and Character Inventory generally proved to be a valid and reliable tool in evaluating the temperaments of the Iranian preschoolers.
azam moghadam; mohammadreza falsafinejhad; norali farokhi; masoomeh estaji
Abstract
Traditional approaches in educational measurement have some practical and theoretical challenges in demonstrating language competencies and their abilities in assessment candidates' skills and selecting them have been questioned. In order to overcome these restrictions cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) ...
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Traditional approaches in educational measurement have some practical and theoretical challenges in demonstrating language competencies and their abilities in assessment candidates' skills and selecting them have been questioned. In order to overcome these restrictions cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) have been introduced and applied. Objective: The purpose of this study was diagnostic analysis of reading comprehension items of a general English language test (PhD entrance exam) to investigate underlying skills of a given test, inspection of model convergence and its fit, diagnostic power of the test and the mastery status of examinees. Method: The study conducted in cognitive diagnostic modeling. The population was all PhD candidates which majored in English teaching, linguistics, translation, and English literature. 2754 examinees were used as a sample. Task analysis, coding and verbal reports were applied to determine underlying skills of the test. Results: In qualitative section, 6 skills including using vocabulary knowledge, using syntactic knowledge, extracting explicit information or scan, drawing inference, connecting and synthesizing and using pragmatic knowledge were investigated. Also, quantitative analyses using non-compensatory reduced fusion model (FM) based on a Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) indicated MCMC convergence and model fit and possibility of application of fusion model in English language's tests. The ability parameters were low for all skills. Using vocabulary knowledge was the simplest skill. The mean of item proportion-correct scores was .42 and the test did not have a high diagnostic power. Discussion and conclusion: Using cognitive diagnostic models in general and fusion model in particular results in achieving more information about tests and examinees' responses and it helps to reach the goal of assessment for learning and classify examinees as masters or non-masters correctly. Key Words: Cognitive Diagnostic Models (CDMs), Non-compensatory Fusion Model (FM), Reading Comprehension's Skills, and English Language
Zahra Hajiheydari; Abbas Abdollahi; Somaye Ghiasi
Abstract
Compassionate love for Humanity is a relatively new concept, and significant research has been conducted over the past two decades. Despite the practical importance of Compassionate Love for Humanity (CLS-H-SF), no studies have yet been conducted on adolescents. Therefore, the main purpose of the current ...
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Compassionate love for Humanity is a relatively new concept, and significant research has been conducted over the past two decades. Despite the practical importance of Compassionate Love for Humanity (CLS-H-SF), no studies have yet been conducted on adolescents. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the CLS-H-SF Scale in adolescents, which would be useful in various usages, especially in academic-career counseling for high school students. The sample of 479 adolescent student volunteers completed an online survey that included the CLS-H-SF Scale, the Persian version of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Validity was evaluated through correlation of items with the total score and confirmatory factor analysis; reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha. The Compassionate Love for Humanity was positively correlated with positive affect, self-esteem, and life satisfaction and was negatively correlated with negative affect. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a one-factor model, and the internal consistency was good. According to the overall findings, the Persian version of the Compassionate Love for Humanity in adolescents has appropriate psychometric properties and is a reliable, valid, and brief scale.
Mansooreh Bakhtiari; Mojtaba Bazrafshan; Mohammad Reza Bazrafshan; Hossein Karshaki
Abstract
Many studies investigated Transformational Leadership (TL). Idealized Influence (II) is one of TL dimensions with relying it the followers respect leaders and trust him/her. This may cause instilling pride and attribute them. The purpose of this study was assessing II of principals in educational complexes ...
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Many studies investigated Transformational Leadership (TL). Idealized Influence (II) is one of TL dimensions with relying it the followers respect leaders and trust him/her. This may cause instilling pride and attribute them. The purpose of this study was assessing II of principals in educational complexes in Saleh-abad city in 2011-12 academic year. Method of the research was survey. Statistic society was 541 teachers of primary and junior secondary schools. The sample was 226 people selected by a proportional sampling. For assessing II a researcher-made scale was developed, and its validity was approved by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated the correlation II a researcher-made scale and II scale of Athari 0/88 (p < 0/05), and their relationship was significant in 0/001 level. Exploratory factor analysis divided II in four components of role modeling, insight and perspective, respect, and ethical values. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis showed that, measures of indicators, GFI: 0/68, NNFI: 0/98, CFI: 0/98, AGFI: 0/64, NFI: 0/97, RMSEA: 0/09, are achieved. Chronbach Alpha confirmed the reliability of the scale for 0/97. The results indicated that the Mean of principals II was higher than the proposed average and the II of principals was in a desirable level. Measures of t-test showed that the difference between the mean and the proposed average was significant in 0/001 level.
mohsen jalali; rasol roshan; elnaz pourahmadi
Abstract
Objective (s): The aim of the present study was to assess the Psychometric properties of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders amongst a sample of 10-17yers old children in iran Methods:this experiment is a survey study.the subjects consisted of 890 10-17yers old children in Azarbaijan ...
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Objective (s): The aim of the present study was to assess the Psychometric properties of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders amongst a sample of 10-17yers old children in iran Methods:this experiment is a survey study.the subjects consisted of 890 10-17yers old children in Azarbaijan Sharghi، Golestan and Gilan who were chosen randomly according to multiple stage cluster sampeling metod and then were evaluated using YSR، SCARED، RCAMS and CDI. Finaly, data was analysed using descriptive statistic،pearson correlation coefficient،Alpha Cronbach coefficient and factor analysis. Results: Results indicated that the SCARED and its 5 subscales have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability(with a 14 days interval). The result of exploratory factor analysis indicated a six-factor model in SCARED which confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Also The result of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed five subscale of original SCARED including “Panic Disorder”, “Generalized anxiety Disorder”,“Social anxiety Disorder”,“ Separation anxiety Disorder” and“ anxiety scool”. .furthermore The significant correlation of total score SCARED and its 5 subscales with total scors YSR، RCAMS and CDI supported the convergent validity.(p<0/01) Conclusion: The Persian version of SCARED has satisfactory psychometric properties in Iranian child and is suitable to be used in educational,clinical and research domains. Key Words: Psychometric, reliability, validity, Anxiety,child
akbar rezaee
Volume 1, Issue 1 , October 2010, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
The Schommer’s epistemological beliefs questionnaire is regularly used in studies on epistemological beliefs. However, many researchers pose some questions about the appropriateness of this instrument. The present study has been taken with the goal of investigating the reliability and factor structure ...
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The Schommer’s epistemological beliefs questionnaire is regularly used in studies on epistemological beliefs. However, many researchers pose some questions about the appropriateness of this instrument. The present study has been taken with the goal of investigating the reliability and factor structure of schommer’s epistemological beliefs questionnaire (1990). To do this, the questionnaire was translated into Persian (Farsi). Then, it was retranslated into English and compared with the original version to find and correct the gaps between the translated version and the original version. After the pilot study and resolving the possible mistakes, the final questionnaire was implemented for sample group consisting of 518 students studying in different fields in Tabriz Payame Noor University (302 students from humanities and 216 students from basic sciences).Cronbach Alpha calculation showed that none of reliability coefficients of sub-scales are acceptable. So, factor analysis was applied in this study to examine the construct validity and to reach an optimal factor structure. Before factor analysis of data, internal consistency was calculated for 63 questions. 27 questions due to under .10 and negative correlation between item-total score test were deleted from subsequent analyses. Using Principal Component's method, factor analysis was performed on 36 remaining questions. Investigatng of Scree plot of primary analysis showed two-factor solution. In order to achieve a two-factor structure, the analysis of Principal Components was done using Promax rotation method. 20 questions, due to factor load below .35 or due to meaningful and equal load on more than one factor in several rotations was deleted. Final analysis showed loading of the remained 16 questions on two factors. These factors were nominated according to content of the questions covered by simple/absolute knowledge and fast/fixed learning.Calculation of Cronbach Alpha coefficient showed that the reliability of two obtained factors is acceptable
ali dellavar; raed parvaz; f Dortaj
Volume 2, Issue 5 , October 2011, , Pages 1-29
Abstract
Background: Different ways to express anger and its consequences is allocated to a special place in fundamental and applied psychological research. Constructing and validating a useful scale to measure anger is also another important point. Objective: The aim of this research ...
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Background: Different ways to express anger and its consequences is allocated to a special place in fundamental and applied psychological research. Constructing and validating a useful scale to measure anger is also another important point. Objective: The aim of this research was to make and to find norms of multidimensional anger scale (anger arousal, hostile outlook, external and internal angers and anger-eliciting situations) among high school students. Method: The theoretical principles of the previous studies were studied first. Then, the researchers designed a questionnaire based on the framework resulted from studying the achieved resources. After studying the form and content of the raised questions in relation to each of the sub-tests and removing the inappropriate ones, 29 questions were performed for the final performance on a group composed of 400 students (212 males and 188 females) who were slected by the relative classification and random testing method. Results: The result of factor analysis by cycle method of Varimex of five factors equaling to 0/88, variance expression paralleling to theoretical principles of the structure were indicated .The sustainability of the questionnaire through Kranbuch alfa 0/87 and testing method-retest 0/81 and correlational results between the first and second performances in the five factors are 0/79 (Anger arousal), 0/81(Anger out), 0/77 (Hostile outlook) 0/86(Anger In), 0/83 (Anger-Eliciting Situation) respectively. The division method was used to get sure of the sustainability for the two halves 0/85 and 0/82 respectively. The total sustainability of the assumed test was 0/77. After analyzing the data, finding the norms, cut point and interference rate were calculated. The cut point for this test, in proportion with the average and standard deviation was 88/01. According to this cut point, the percent of interference rate 7/2 in the whole sample was 3/8 for the male and 11/2 for the female. Conclusion: it can be suggested the multidimensional anger scale is a valid instrument to measure students' anger.
m Habibi; fatemeh moradi; balal Izanlo
Volume 2, Issue 6 , January 2012, , Pages 1-27
Abstract
Background: Discussion about invariance of questions and tests is an important issue in assessment.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the invariance of the parameters in item-response theory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Methods: After reviewing the related basics of each approach, ...
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Background: Discussion about invariance of questions and tests is an important issue in assessment.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the invariance of the parameters in item-response theory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Methods: After reviewing the related basics of each approach, the researcher compared the invariance of the parameters in each approach based on empirical data result from International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) Test. The sample was 5000 Iranian students (half female and half male) in 2006 who responded to six questions which were related to the scale of attitude toward reading.
Results: Data analysis showed that question 6 is biased using both item-response theory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results, however, were different considering questions 1, 3 and 4. Question 1 was found to be biased based on item-response theory only; questions 3 and 4, on the other hand, were found to be biased based on confirmatory factor analysis.
Conclusion: It is suggested that both approaches be employed when deciding on the invariance of the parameters, since making decisions otherwise will be misleading. Also, it is offered that intercept and differences in the distribution of the ability of the groups and their effects on the invariance be considered as primary.
Balal Izanloo; Manouchehr Rezaee; Naser Abbasi
Abstract
Perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) is a construct that can help evaluate intimacy in couple therapy. However, research on PPR has been hampered by the lack of a standardized measurement in this field. The purpose of the present study was to translate and examine the factor structure, invariance, ...
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Perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) is a construct that can help evaluate intimacy in couple therapy. However, research on PPR has been hampered by the lack of a standardized measurement in this field. The purpose of the present study was to translate and examine the factor structure, invariance, validity and internal consistency of the Perceived Responsiveness and Insensitivity (PRI) scale among Iranian samples. The statistical population of the present study was the married teachers of Zanjan province in 2021-2022, and 429 teachers in total participated in this research through judgmental convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, parallel analysis, exploratory graph analysis and bootstrap analysis were used for data analysis. The findings demonstrated that the factor structure of PRI in Iranian society is similar to the study of Crasta et al. (2021); that is, PRI consisted of two sub-scales. The fit indices of the scale and factor load of the items were optimal both by gender and in the whole sample. The findings related to the invariance of the scale in different models also indicated that the meaning of the items is the same for men and women. Analyzes based on Item-Response theory showed that the items derived for the PRI short form in this study, which should indicate the most information, were inconsistent with the short form derived from Crasta et al.'s (2021) study. Alpha statistic, composite reliability, AVE index and diagnostic validity of PRI scale were also optimum. The findings related to convergent and divergent validity also indicated the significance association of PRI with other variables. In general, the PRI scale showed optimized psychometric properties, which indicated its applicability in the Iranian society and its consistency with the cultural norms of the country. However, in the present study, there was a possibility of weak diagnostic validity of the two constructs in this scale, especially for the group of women, which should be investigated in future studies with a larger sample size.
Alihasan Azizpourian; Maryam Eslampanah; Mohammad Javad Karamafrooz; Faramarz Malekyan; Elham Kavyani
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative-quantitative research (mixed) was Establishing and Accreditation of Entrepreneur's Educational System Questionnaire in technical and vocational schools. First, using interviews with entrepreneurship professors and Delphi technique the primary questionnaire were obtained ...
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The purpose of this qualitative-quantitative research (mixed) was Establishing and Accreditation of Entrepreneur's Educational System Questionnaire in technical and vocational schools. First, using interviews with entrepreneurship professors and Delphi technique the primary questionnaire were obtained and presented for quantitative evaluation. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained. Statistical population of this research were 1- Entrepreneurship specialists from different universities of the country In the qualitative section and 2- teachers of technical vocational schools In the Quantitative section .were used purposeful sampling In the qualitative section, cluster sampling method In the Quantitative section. The results of the research using exploratory factor analysis and confirmation and modification of the qualitative section results showed that Entrepreneur's Educational System Questionnaire in technical and vocational schools, is Multidimensional tool with 9 factors and 59 sub-components, The percentage of variance and specific value are as follows: entrepreneurship education, psychological characteristics of students, academic and professional counseling, leadership style, management and organization of vocational schools, communication with industry and commercial and managerial skills, content, development of entrepreneurship skills in learners, space and educational equipment, and teaching methods. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the tool. Structural validity was calculated using the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis, and fit model tests and reliability of subscales using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
javad shahlaei
Narges Fakhari; Morteza Latifian; Jalil Etemd
Volume 4, Issue 15 , April 2014, , Pages 35-58
Abstract
Background: Executive skills are high-level cognitive skills helping children with their daily activities and learning assignments. Objective: The present paper aims to study the validity and reliability of the Executive Skills Scale for pre-school children. Method: The study was a descriptive research. ...
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Background: Executive skills are high-level cognitive skills helping children with their daily activities and learning assignments. Objective: The present paper aims to study the validity and reliability of the Executive Skills Scale for pre-school children. Method: The study was a descriptive research. Using cluster sampling method, 250 subjects (including 150 female and 100 male subjects) were selected from among pre-school children in Isfahan, and their mothers responded to the Executive Skills Scale items. The validity of the scale was evaluated with content validity, item analysis (item–total correlations), and factor analysis. The reliability of the mentioned questionnaire was studied through Cronbach’s alpha and split–half reliability. Results: The results showed that item-total correlation coefficients were significant in all cases, varying from 0.21 to 0.81. (P=0.0001). Moreover, using Cronbach’s alpha, the reliability of the whole scale was calculated as 0.75. Also, the split-half reliability was computed to be 0.80. Conclusion: The results indicated that the Executive Skills Scale is of acceptable psychometric properties to be used for the Iranian pre-school children.
hoseyn zare; mohammadreza sarmadi; mehran farajollahi; osman achaak
Volume 3, Issue 10 , January 2013, , Pages 37-54
Abstract
Background: researches on memory have had useful findings in helping the learners to successfully retrieve materials during examination. Objectives: the present paper aimed to examine the effect of question type the level of processing and the conceptual context of the question on students memory performance. ...
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Background: researches on memory have had useful findings in helping the learners to successfully retrieve materials during examination. Objectives: the present paper aimed to examine the effect of question type the level of processing and the conceptual context of the question on students memory performance. Results: the results showed that the effect of processing level was significant. However question type and conceptual context of the question were not independently significant. Moreover the interaction between conceptual context and type of the question as well as the interaction between the conceptual context and the level.
SAEED Rezayi; Mehri Pourheidar; Maryam zabih ghasemi
Abstract
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Krug, Erick, and Almond’s Autism Behavior Checklist (2009) in Iranian people with Autism spectrum disorder. Method The research method is a test instruction type. Statistical population was all children with ...
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Krug, Erick, and Almond’s Autism Behavior Checklist (2009) in Iranian people with Autism spectrum disorder. Method The research method is a test instruction type. Statistical population was all children with Autism spectrum disorder in Tehran. This assessment was performed on 400 randomly selected children with a confirmed diagnosis of autism from the outpatient departments of Tehran Autism Clinics and was carried out by the researchers in sample group. Findings: The Alpha score 0/946, indicates a high value of the questionnaire for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It seemed valid to diagnose 73/9 % of the healthy population, and 77/5% of the autistic patients. The Results shows a high level of consistency both within and between the study questionnaires when compared to the control Questioners. The subscale questions were also noted to have a high level of correlation. Conclusion based on the findings of the present study, the adjusted Krug, Erick, Almond’s Autism Behavior Checklist, is valid and reliable to be applicable in the majority of Iranian children with the diagnosis of autism.
noushin tamizi
Abstract
Background: Health promotion lifestyle is a multidimensional pattern of self-initiated actions and perceptions that serve to maintain and enhance the level of wellness, self-actualization and fulfillment of the individual. Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric ...
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Background: Health promotion lifestyle is a multidimensional pattern of self-initiated actions and perceptions that serve to maintain and enhance the level of wellness, self-actualization and fulfillment of the individual. Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II, Walker, Sechrist & Pender, 1995) among Iranian university students. Method: 324 university students (130 male, 194 female) completed the HPLP-II and the Emotional Adjustment Measure (EAM, Rubio, Aguado, Hontangas & Hernandez, 2007). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the HPLP-II's factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the HPLP-II, we computed correlations between different dimensions of HPLP-II with emotional adjustment. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 6-factor structure of the HPLP-II consisted health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations and stress management had good fit to data in the Iranian sample. Correlational analyses between different dimensions of HPLP-II with emotional adjustment provided initial evidence for the PSRS convergent validity. Cronbach’s α Coefficients ranged from 0/56 to 0/80 for six dimensions. Conclusion: In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the HPLP-II as an instrument to measure of health lifestyle among Iranian university students.
fariborz bagheri; firuzeh ghafari javar zadegan
Volume 3, Issue 12 , July 2013, , Pages 41-70
Abstract
Background: the theoretical models of parenting styled seek to identify the factors affecting upbringing children and to determinetheir consequences. The inconsistency between these theoretical patterns which mainly belong to the western societies and are affected by the attitude governing them with ...
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Background: the theoretical models of parenting styled seek to identify the factors affecting upbringing children and to determinetheir consequences. The inconsistency between these theoretical patterns which mainly belong to the western societies and are affected by the attitude governing them with the Iranian culture values and beliefs lays the groundwork for development of native models based on the Islamic attitude and the specific experinces of the Iranian society. Objective: the present paper aims to study the psychometrics characteristics and the theoretical model of the parent child relationship questionnaire. Method: the questionnaire was conducted in two phases on 270 teenagers and young people between the ages of 15 to 30 who were residing in district 9 of Tehran in 2011. Results: the validity and reliability of the theoretical model of the questionnaire were confirmed by the fitting indices.
Masoomeh Estaji; Negar Babanezhad Kafshgar
Abstract
The current study was aimed at exploring Differential Item Functioning (DIF) items in Iranian TEFL MA Entrance Exam employing two beneficial and valuable statistical methods: Logistic Regression (LR) and Mantel-Haenszel (MH). Besides, the founded DIF items were gone through a content analysis in order ...
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The current study was aimed at exploring Differential Item Functioning (DIF) items in Iranian TEFL MA Entrance Exam employing two beneficial and valuable statistical methods: Logistic Regression (LR) and Mantel-Haenszel (MH). Besides, the founded DIF items were gone through a content analysis in order to explore the potential linguistic resources of such biases. To this end, the answer sheets of 2217 female and 735 male examinees in 2015 were analyzed to find items containing DIF. The findings of LR technique determined eight items as DIF containing items. Half of the items were advantageous to the men and the other half of the items favoured women. MH procedure explored eleven items as DIF flagging items. Out of these items, six items favoured male test takers and five items showed tendency toward female test takers. No particular linguistic source for such deviated behaviour of items was proposed through the content analysis of the DIF items.
Volume 4, Issue 14 , January 2014, , Pages 43-64
Abstract
Background: Implicit theory of intelligence is one of the newest socio-cognitive strategies proposed in scholastic motivation.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the 14-item implicit theory of intelligence scale (IT IS-14) (Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, ...
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Background: Implicit theory of intelligence is one of the newest socio-cognitive strategies proposed in scholastic motivation.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the 14-item implicit theory of intelligence scale (IT IS-14) (Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006) in the Iranian student society. This instrument is used to measure the incremental and entity theories.
Method: The sample in this study includes 350 B.A. students in Ahvaz Islamic Azad University and Masjed Soleiman Islamic Azad University. The data analysis was carried out through the use of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and Pearson's correlation coefficients statistic methods.
Findings: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the subscale of incremental theory and subscale of entity theory were calculated as 0.82 and 0.74 respectively. To estimate the criterion validity, Dupeyrat and Marine’s scale of implicit theories of intelligence were used, and the correlation coefficients for the subscales of incremental theory and entity theory were calculated at two scales which were significant at the level of 0.001. To calculate the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. The results indicated that the structure of implicit theory of intelligence scale was fit with the data and all indexes of fitness confirmed the model’s fitness. In addition, exploratory factor analysis leads to extract two factors of incremental and entity theories of intelligence.
Conclusion: Given the calculated psychometric properties, researchers can apply this scale applied to investigate implicit theories of intelligence (beliefs about intelligence) in the student society.
razieh ahromi; salar faramarzi; mojhgan shushtari; ahmad aabedi
Volume 3, Issue 9 , October 2012, , Pages 43-64
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the relationship between students’ psychological profile in Wechsler intelligence test for children -fourth edition- (W1SCJV) and multiple intelligence (Ml) based on Gardner's theory among students of fifth grade elementary school in Isfahan city. The study was ...
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The present study aims to examine the relationship between students’ psychological profile in Wechsler intelligence test for children -fourth edition- (W1SCJV) and multiple intelligence (Ml) based on Gardner's theory among students of fifth grade elementary school in Isfahan city. The study was descriptive and correlative. Sample population consisted of 30 students who were selected using multistage sampling. The measuring instruments used were Gardner’s multiple intelligence questionnaires and Wechsler intelligence scale for children -fourth edition- (WiscJV). The data was analyzed using correlation coefficient. The results of this study showed that there are significant relationships between Gardner’s verbal-linguistic intelligence subscales and Wechsler’s visual concepts, between Gardner’s visual-spatial intelligence and Wechsler’s encoding and speed, between Gardner’s interpersonal intelligence and Wechsler’s digit span and visual concepts subscales, and finally between Gardner's intrapersonal intelligence and Wechsler’s digit span (p<0/05). However, there was no significant relationship between other subscales. It can be concluded that Gardner's multiple intelligence questionnaires should be used circumspectly as a diagnostic test for measuring intelligence in traditional sense.
Noor-Ali Farroukhi; laila bahrami
Abstract
Background: Recognizing multiple sources of measurement error and estimates each source separately, distinguishes between relative and absolute decisions, distinguishes between fixed and random facets and also the capability of dealing with different D study designs can be mentioned as the strength points ...
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Background: Recognizing multiple sources of measurement error and estimates each source separately, distinguishes between relative and absolute decisions, distinguishes between fixed and random facets and also the capability of dealing with different D study designs can be mentioned as the strength points of generalizability theory which have no corresponding statuses in classical test theory. Generalizability theory is unknown for our researchers and there are rare researches in this area. Objective: The Purpose of this article was introduction of generalizability theory and presentation the practical applicability of this theory in assessing the reliability of measurements. Results: In addition to comparison between classical test theory and generalizability theory, conceptual framework of generalizability theory was explained easily. Also, in this article the process of design, analysis and interpretation of a measurement study in shape of an example with relevant calculations and equations explained in detail in 15 steps to guide researchers and test developers who aimed to assessing reliability. Conclusion: This article shows that utility of generalizability theory in reliability estimation especially in complicated measurement situations is more than classical test theory. Generalizability theory enables researchers to decrease errors in plan of measurement through optimization proceedings which will increase accuracy in generalization of results.
S Mohamadi; A Pirkhaefi
Abstract
Background:The seven deadly habits are all the basic behaviors of external control psychology that harm and destroy relationships and, in doing so, cause almost all the problems with which people struggle.Objective:The main purpose of this research was to construct and validate an instrument that operationalizes ...
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Background:The seven deadly habits are all the basic behaviors of external control psychology that harm and destroy relationships and, in doing so, cause almost all the problems with which people struggle.Objective:The main purpose of this research was to construct and validate an instrument that operationalizes Glasser’s constructs of seven deadly habits in marriage.Method: The theoretical principles of the deadly habits in marriage based on the Choice theory perspective were studied first. Then, the researchers designed a questionnaire based on the framework resulted from studying the achieved resources. After studying the form and content validity of the raisedquestions in relation to each of the sub-scales and removing the inappropriate ones, 68 questions were performed for the final performance on a group composed of 250 married students (213 females and 37 males) of Allameh Tabataba’i University. To investigate the reliability, two methods of internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) and split-half were applied, and the validity was determined from three aspects of construct validity (factor analysis), concurrent validity and content validity.Results:A factor analysis, using the principal components analysis (direct oblimin rotation) resulted that determined 7 factors consisted of 58.989% of the total variance. The Cronbach’s alpha for the whole scale was 0.95 (first factor: 0.82, second factor: 0.76, third factor: 0.78, fourth factor: 0.83, fifth factor: 0.76, sixth factor: 0.82, and seventh factor: 0.71), and split-half reliability was 0.957. We assessed the concurrent validity of the “Quality of Marital Relationships” (QMR) Scale in relation to the “Four Horsemen” subscale of Sound Relationship House Scale (SRH), and the result was 0.567. Conclusion:It can be concluded that the “Quality of Marital Relationships” scale has a good reliability and validity, and is useful instrument to assess deadly habits in marital relationship based on the choice theory.
jalil etemad; bahram jow kaar
Abstract
Background: The feeling of shame is one of the most important moral self- conscious emotions which play a major role in interpersonal relationships and social adjustment. Therefore, it seems essential to provide instruments to measure this structure. Purpose: The present paper aims to provide the necessary ...
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Background: The feeling of shame is one of the most important moral self- conscious emotions which play a major role in interpersonal relationships and social adjustment. Therefore, it seems essential to provide instruments to measure this structure. Purpose: The present paper aims to provide the necessary preliminaries in order to use Shame Scale designed by Rizvi (2009) among Iranian university students. Method: In order to assess the validity of the scale, first, it was made sure that the data were normally distributed. Then, factor analysis with original components and varimax rotation method was used to discover factor structure. The correlation between this scale and other valid scales of measuring self-conscious emotions of shame was used as convergent validity and its correlation with happiness scale was used as divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to measure the scale reliability through the method of the internal consistency of items. Participants in this study were 231 university students (female=134 & male= 97) of Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Results: The results indicated that shame scale in Iranian population has a multiple-factor structure called ‘moral transgression' and ‘self-inadequacy’. The correlation between this scale and the self-conscious emotions scale indicated that Rizvi’s shame scale has a convergent validity. Moreover, the relation with happiness scale was used as the divergent validity index. The results were indicative of the fact that unlike two other components, moral transgression component did not have a significant relation with happiness. Furthermore, a comparison between boys’ and girls’ scores showed that females had higher scores in some components. Conclusion: In sum, results of this study confirmed convergent validity, divergent validity, and internal consistency of the scale suitable to be used in Iran. The shame scale being culture- dependent was discussed with regard to the results.
Mohammadreza Falsafinejad; Noorali Farroukhi; laila bahrami
Abstract
Background: High school final exams are one of the most decisive tools for scientific assessment of students. Given the importance of this examinations, carried out systematic research on the quality and functionality of their questions is necessary to separate volunteers. Aim: The aim of this study ...
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Background: High school final exams are one of the most decisive tools for scientific assessment of students. Given the importance of this examinations, carried out systematic research on the quality and functionality of their questions is necessary to separate volunteers. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the psychometric properties and capabilities of the final exam questions in the field of experimental biology and Persian literature in the selection of candidates for admission to undergraduate courses. Methodology: The population, all of the questions of the third year high school final exams string in June 2011. For determining the psychometric properties of these questions, performance of 600 students, selected randomly, in aforementioned lessons in the school districts of the city of Khorramabad were used. Findings: Estimated reliability coefficient in biology and Persian literature was determined by Cronbach alpha, (0.97, 0.96). According to CTT, the average coefficient of difficulty and discrimination in Persian literature and biology test were (0.65, 0.57) and (0.50, 0.65) respectively. In analyzing the IRT; two-parameter model fitted to the data revealed more. Also, in IRT models, the average difficulty and discrimination of questions for Persian literature and biology courses were (-0.69, 1.03) and (-0.09, 0.96) respectively. The most informant rate for two tests of Persian literature and biology, belongs to levels of ability which are (-0.7, 0.1) respectively, the agreement between the CTT and IRT in terms of discrimination parameter the two courses, were (%98.36, %93.59) respectively. Conclusion: Due to the important decisions based on high stakes tests, implications of final examinations in the selection of candidates were discussed.
Abstract
Identification and measurement of emotional factors affecting academic achievement is one of the most active and important areas in educational psychology, which academic optimism is one of the new structures in the field of positive psychology in this regard. The aim of the present study was to evaluate ...
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Identification and measurement of emotional factors affecting academic achievement is one of the most active and important areas in educational psychology, which academic optimism is one of the new structures in the field of positive psychology in this regard. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Tschannen‐Moran et al Academic Optimism Scale (2013). The questionnaire includes 28 questions that measure three components of academic emphasis, student trust to teachers, and unity to the school. The subjects of this study were 385 students of first grade high school in Khorramabad city during the academic year 2015-2016 (186 boys and 199 girls) who were selected by relative stratified sampling method based on gender and region. The instrument used in this study was the Tschannen‐Moran Optimism Scale (2013). Confirmatory factor analysis method through the main components method to check the validity of the questionnaire and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to check the reliability of the questionnaire were used. The results of factor analysis showed that three components are revealed by removing four questions from the whole questionnaire and factor analysis of the rest of the questions and results rotation with varimax method. Also, the results of the parallel analysis were used to identify the exact components that the results of this analysis also confirmed these three components. It was also found that the whole questionnaire and its components had high reliability. In a general view, the results of the study showed that the "academic optimism questionnaire" is suitable for students to measure this feature, and to some extent it can meet the needs of the present.
