Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of assessment and Measurement, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

2 Azad University, Tehran Shomal Branch

Abstract

The current study aimed to improve precision and item functioning of the OHQ by applying Rasch analysis to a sample of 212 participants. A convenience sample of 212 college students (139 girls and 78 boys) from a number of universities in Tehran city completed the OHQ questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Rasch analysis approach using RUMM2030 software. Results indicated that a number of the OHQ items displayed disordered thresholds. Therefore, items were rescored in a uniform fashion to correct the thresholds. Furthermore, three items (18, 19, and 25) displayed poor fit to Rasch model and were removed. Best fit to the unidimensional Rasch model was achieved after rescoring items in uniform fashion and removing items number 18, 19 and 25. Using the ordinal-to-interval conversion tables published here, ordinal OHQ scores can now be transformed to interval level data and thus subjected to parametric statistical analysis without violating fundamental assumptions. The precision of the instrument can be improved significantly by these minor modifications without the need to modify the original response format.

Keywords

علی­پور، احمد؛ و آگاه­هریس، مژگان (1386). اعتبار و روایی فهرست شادکامی آکسفورد در ایرانی‌ها. فصلنامه روانشناسان ایرانی، 3(12)، 298-287.
علی­پور، احمد؛ نوربالا، احمدعلی (1378). بررسی مقدماتی پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه شادکامی آکسفورد در دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های تهران. اندیشه و رفتار، 5(1 و 2)، 65-55.
کلاین، استفان. (1965). علم شادکامی. ترجمه نغمه صفاریان پور (1394). تهران: فرهنگ نشر نو.
نجفی، محمود؛ دهشیری، غلامرضا؛ دبیری، سولماز؛ شیخی، منصوره؛ و جعفری، نصرت (1391). خصوصیات روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه شادکامی آکسفورد در دانشجویان. فصلنامه اندازه­گیری تربیتی، 3(10)، 73-55.
نصفت، مرتضی (1371). اصول و روش‌های آمار. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
هومن، حیدرعلی (1367). استاندارد­سازی پرسشنامه ارجحیت شخصی ادواردز. نشریه علوم تربیتی (ویژه­نامه روان‌سنجی)، 11.
Allen, M. J., & Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to measurement theory. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Andrich, D., Sheridan, B., & Luo, G. (2009). RUMM2030. Perth: RUMM Laboratory.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas & J. M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Bernaards, C. A., & Sijtsma, K. (2000). Influence of imputation and EM methods on factor analysis when item nonresponse in questionnaire data is nonignorable. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 35, 321-364.
Compton, W. C. (2005). Introduction to positive psychology. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Embretson, S. E., & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item response theory for psychologists. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (1998). Positive moods derived from leisure and their relationship to happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(3), 523–535.
Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073–1082.
Kashdan, T. B. (2004). The assessment of subjective well-being (issues raised by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire). Personality and Individual Differences, 36(5), 1225–1232.
Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Tamir, M., Scollon, C. N., & Diener, M. (2005). Integrating the diverse definitions of happiness: A time-sequential framework of subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(3), 261–300.
Linacre, J. M. (1994). Sample size and item calibration stability. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 7, 328.
Larsen, R. J., Diener, E., & Emmons, A. (1985). An evaluation of subjective well-being measures. Social Indicators Research, 17, 1–17.
Liu, X.(2010). Using and developing measurement instruments in science education: A Rasch modeling approach. Charlotte, North Carolina: IAP
Marais, I., & Andrich, D. (2008). Effects of varying magnitude and patterns of response dependence in the unidimensional Rasch model. Journal of Applied Measurement, 9(2), 105–124.
Medvedev, O. N., Siegert, R. J., Feng, X. J., Billington, D. R., Jang, J. Y., & Kra¨geloh, C. U. (2016a). Measuring trait mindfulness: How to improve the precision of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale using a Rasch model. Mindfulness, 7, 384–395.
Medvedev, O. N., Siegert, R. J., Mohamed, A. D., Shepard, D., Landhuis, F., & Krageloh, C. U.(2016b). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: Transformation from an ordinal to an interval measure using Rasch analysis. Journal Of Happiness Studies, Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9784-3
Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons’ responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning. American Psychologist, 50, 741–749.
Revelle, W. (2017) psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych Version = 1.7.8.
Robbins, M., Francis, L. J., & Edwards, B. (2010). Happiness as stable extraversion: Internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire among undergraduate university students. Current Psychology, 29(2), 89–94.
Siegert, R. J., Tennant, A., & Turner-Stokes, L. (2010). Rasch analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a neurological rehabilitation sample. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(1), 8–17.
Skevington, S. M., MacArthur, P., & Somerset, M. (1997). Developing items for the WHOQOL: An investigation of contemporary beliefs about quality of life related to health in Britain. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2(1), 55–72.
Smith, E. V. (2002). Detecting and evaluation the impact of multidimensionality using item fit statistics and principal component analysis of residuals. Journal of Applied Measurement, 3, 205–231.
Stewart, M. E., Watson, R., Clark, A., Ebmeier, K. P., & Deary, I. J. (2010). A hierachy of happiness? Mokken scaling analysis of the Oxford Happiness Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(7), 845–848.
Stucki, G., Daltroy, L., Katz, J. N., Johannesson, M., & Liang, M. H. (1996). Interpretation of change scores in ordinal clinical scales and health status measures: The whole may not equal the sum of the parts. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 49(7), 711–717.
Tennant, A., & Conaghan, P. G. (2007). The Rasch measurement model in rheumatology: What is it and why use it? When should it be applied, and what should one look for in a Rasch paper? Arthritis and Rheumatism, 57(8), 1358–1362.
Van Ginkel, J. R., & Van der Ark, L. A. (2010). SPSS syntax for missing value imputation in test and questionnaire data. Retrieved from  
https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/joost-van-ginkel#tab-1
Wainer, H., & Kiely, G. (1987). Item clusters and computerized adaptive testing: A case for testlets. Journal of Educational Measurement, 24(3), 185–201.
Wilson, M. (2005). Constructing measures: An item response modeling approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Association.
Wolfe, E. W., & Smith, E. V. J. r. (2007). Instrument development tools and activities for measure validation using Rasch models: Part I—Instrument development tools. In E. V. Smith Jr. & R. M. Smith (Eds.), Rasch measurement: Advanced and specialized applications (pp. 202–242). Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press.
Wright, B. D., & Stone, M. H. (1979). Best test design. Chicago: MESA Press.