Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry- school of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health,(Addiction Department) Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student in Assessment and Measurement (Psychometrics), Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ghods Branch, Tehran, Iran

4 Ph.D. Student in Sociology of Social Groups, Islamic Azad University Central Organization, Tehran, Iran

5 M,A. of General Psychology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The lack of a tool to measure social media addiction has hindered the further development of the research field because there are few valid tools to measure this issue, and none of them have been approved in the Persian language. The general purpose of the present study was to construct and standardize the scale of social media networks. In the present study, the combined research method and mixed exploratory design were used as research strategy; The research method was used in the qualitative part, foundational data theory with the Strauss-Corbin systematic approach, and in the quantitative part, the correlational research method of the structural equations type was used. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included families referring to the family court of Tehran province, 32 of whom were purposefully selected and interviewed, and in the quantitative section, it included families living in Tehran province, and in the end, 413 people were selected by sampling method. Several stages were selected. In the analysis of the findings, 89 items were extracted and after checking the face validity, content validity and factor structure, 45 items were confirmed. Finally, the constructed questionnaire included 7 factors, which explains 65.64 percent of the variance. (first factor 23.06%, second factor 12%, third factor 7.16%, fourth factor 6.19%, fifth factor 5.85%, sixth factor 5.46% and seventh factor 5.20%) which indicates Validity of the questionnaire. . The results showed that the constructed scale can be used to assess social media addiction in both clinical and non-clinical settings. In addition, this tool examines the variables that are not examined in the famous scales of addiction to specific virtual platforms.

Keywords

صالحی، رمضانی، مژده، نمیرانیان، صالحی، مهتا. (1391). بررسی روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه‌ی ارزیابی اعتیاد اینترنتی چن. مجله اصول بهداشت روانی، 14(55), 45-236.
 
Andreassen S. (2013). The relationships be, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Gjertsen, S. R., Krossbakken, E., Kvam, S., & Pallesen,tween behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of behavioral addictions, 2(2), 90-99.
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological reports, 110(2), 501-517.
Burleigh, T. L., Stavropoulos, V., Liew, L. W., Adams, B. L., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Depression, internet gaming disorder, and the moderating effect of the gamer-avatar relationship: An exploratory longitudinal study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(1), 102-124.
Caci, B., Cardaci, M., Scrima, F., & Tabacchi, M. E. (2017). The dimensions of Facebook addiction as measured by Facebook Addiction Italian Questionnaire and their relationships with individual differences. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(4), 251-258.
Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic Internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in human behavior, 26(5), 1089-1097.
Chung, J. E. (2013). Social interaction in online support groups: Preference for online social interaction over offline social interaction. Computers in human behavior, 29(4), 1408-1414.
Edition, F. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Am Psychiatric Assoc, 21, 591-643.
Fioravanti, G., Dèttore, D., & Casale, S. (2012). Adolescent Internet addiction: testing the association between self-esteem, the perception of Internet attributes, and preference for online social interactions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), 318-323.
Griffiths, M. (2005). Un modelo de componentes de adicción dentro de un marco biopsicosocial. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191-197.
Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Social networking addiction: Emerging themes and issues. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 4(5).
Griffiths, M. D., & Szabo, A. (2014). Is excessive online usage a function of medium or activity? An empirical pilot study. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(1), 74-77.
Karaiskos, D., Tzavellas, E., Balta, G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. (2010). P02-232-Social network addiction: a new clinical disorder? European Psychiatry, 25(S1), 1-1.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(9), 3528-3552.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 311.
LaRose, R., Kim, J., & Peng, W. (2010). Social networking: Addictive, compulsive, problematic, or just another media habit? In A networked self (pp. 67-89). Routledge.
Lin, C.-Y., Broström, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale using classic test theory and Rasch models. Journal of behavioral addictions, 6(4), 620-629.
Marino, C., Vieno, A., Altoè, G., & Spada, M. M. (2016). Factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale for adolescents and young adults. Journal of behavioral addictions, 6(1), 5-10.
Marshall, T. C., Lefringhausen, K., & Ferenczi, N. (2015). The Big Five, self-esteem, and narcissism as predictors of the topics people write about in Facebook status updates. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 35-40.
Monacis, L., Palo, V. d., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2016). Validation of the internet gaming disorder scale–short-form (IGDS9-SF) in an Italian-speaking sample. Journal of behavioral addictions, 5(4), 683-690.
MOTTAGHI, S., & SAFAIE, S. (2017). Psychometric properties of Internet abusive use questionnaire.
Nolle, P., & Elphinston, R. (2011). Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 631-635.
Pantic, I. (2014). Online social networking and mental health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(10), 652-657.
Pontes, H. M., Andreassen, C. S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Portuguese validation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale: an empirical study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14(6), 1062-1073.
Pontes, H. M., Caplan, S. E., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Psychometric validation of the generalized problematic internet use scale 2 in a Portuguese sample. Computers in human behavior, 63, 823-833.
Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(3), 133-148.
Salem, A., Almenaye, N., & Andreassen, C. (2016). A psychometric evaluation of Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) of university students. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 6(5), 199-205.
Sigerson, L., Li, A. Y.-L., Cheung, M. W.-L., & Cheng, C. (2017). Examining common information technology addictions and their relationships with non-technology-related addictions. Computers in human behavior, 75, 520-526.
Van den Eijnden, R. J., Meerkerk, G.-J., Vermulst, A. A., Spijkerman, R., & Engels, R. C. (2008). Online communication, compulsive Internet use, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents: a longitudinal study. Developmental psychology, 44(3), 655.
van Rooij, A. J., Schoenmakers, T. M., Van den Eijnden, R. J., Vermulst, A. A., & van de Mheen, D. (2012). Video game addiction test: validity and psychometric characteristics. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 507-511.
Wang, C., Lee, M. K., & Hua, Z. (2015). A theory of social media dependence: Evidence from microblog users. Decision support systems, 69, 40-49.
Wu, A. M., Cheung, V. I., Ku, L., & Hung, E. P. (2013). Psychological risk factors of addiction to social networking sites among Chinese smartphone users. Journal of behavioral addictions, 2(3), 160-166.
Wu, N. S., Schairer, L. C., Dellor, E., & Grella, C. (2010). Childhood trauma and health outcomes in adults with comorbid substance abuse and mental health disorders. Addictive behaviors, 35(1), 68-71.
Yu, Q., Zhang, L., Wu, S., Guo, Y., Jin, S., & Sun, Y. (2017). The influence of juvenile preference for online social interaction on problematic Internet use: The moderating effect of sibling condition and the moderated moderating effect of age cohort. Computers in human behavior, 68, 345-351.