Psychometric Properties of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) Parent Form among Iranian Children

Abdolmohamadi, Karim; Ghadiri Sourman Abadi, Farhad; Alimohamadi, Asgar; Zareean, Mostafa

doi:10.22054/jem.2022.67358.3362

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Psychology, Payam-e-Nour University, Tehran, Iran.

² PhD in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional children, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/jem.2022.67358.3362

Abstract

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

Keywords

References

پهلوان شریف، سعید و مهدویان، وحید. (1393). مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری با AMOS. تهران: بیشه.

عبدالمحمدی، کریم، علیزاده، حمید، غدیری صورمان، آبادی، فرهاد، طیبلی، معصومه و فتحی، آیت‌اله. (1396). بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه درجه‌بندی رفتاری کارکردهای اجرایی (بریف) درکودکان 6 تا 12 سال. فصلنامه اندازه‌گیری تربیتی، 8(30)، 151-135.

عبدالمحمدی، کریم و غدیری صورمان، آبادی، فرهاد. (1400). بررسی میزان اثربخشی برنامه آموزش کارکردهای اجرایی بر ضرب‌آهنگ شناختی کند. فصلنامه کودکان استثنایی، 21(۲)، ۸۸-۷۷.

محدث، نسرین، خانجانی، زینب و اقدسی، علی‌نقی. (1398). اثربخشی مداخله مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر مؤلفه‌های مشکل در تنظیم هیجانی دانش‌آموزان پسر دارای اختلال سلوک. نشریه علمی آموزش و ارزشیابی، 12(48)، 63-83.

محمد اسماعیل، الهه و علی‌پور، احمد. (1381). بررسی مقدماتی اعتبار و روایی و تعیین نقاط برش اختلال‌های پرسشنامه علائم مرضی کودکان (CSI-4). فصلنامه کودکان استثنایی، ۲(۳)، ۲۵۴-۲۳۹.

References

Abdool Gafoor, L., Burke, A., & Fourie, J. (2021). The efficacy of the Senior South African Individual Scale Revised in distinguishing between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, normal and sluggish cognitive tempo children. African Journal of Psychological Assessment. 3(0): a45.

Barkley, R. A. (2013). Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from ADHD in children and adolescents: executive functioning, impairment, and comorbidity. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(2), 161-173.

Barkley, R. A. (2018). Barkley sluggish cognitive tempo scale – children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford.

Barkley, R.A. (2015). Concentration deficit disorder (sluggish cognitive tempo). In: Barkley RA, editor. Attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder:A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 4th edn. New York: Guilford.

Başay, Ö., Çiftçi, E., Becker, S. P., & Burns, G. L. (2021). Validity of sluggish cognitive tempo in Turkish children and adolescents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(2), 191-199.

Becker & Langberg, J. M. (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo dimensions in relation to executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 45(1), 1-11.

Becker, S. P., Langberg, J. M., Luebbe, A. M., Dvorsky, M. R., & Flannery, A. J. (2014). Sluggish cognitive tempo is associated with academic functioning and internalizing symptoms in college students with and without attention‐deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 388403.

Becker, S. P., Marshall, S. A., & McBurnett, K. (2014). Sluggish cognitive tempo in abnormal child psychology: an historical overview and introduction to the special section. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 42(1), 1-6.

Becker, S. P., Mossing, K. W., Zoromski, A. K., Vaughn, A. J., Epstein, J. N., Tamm, L., & Burns, G. L. (2020). Assessing sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD inattention in elementary students: Empirical differentiation, invariance across sex and grade, and measurement precision. Psychological assessment, 32(11), 1047.

Becker, S.P., Barkley, R.A. (2018). Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. In Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 1st ed.; Banas‐chewski, T., Coghill, D., Zuddas, A., Eds.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.

Burns, G. L., Preszler, J., Ahnach, A., Servera, M., & Becker, S. P. (2022). Multisource Network and Latent Variable Models of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, ADHD-Inattentive, and Depressive Symptoms with Spanish Children: Equivalent Findings and Recommendations. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 1-14.

Combs, M. A., Canu, W. H., Fulks, J. J. B., & Nieman, D. C. (2014). Impact of sluggish cognitive tempo and attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms on adults’ quality of life. Applied Research in Quality of Life. 9(4): 981–995.

Fassbender, C., Krafft, C.E., Schweitzer, J.B. (2015). Differentiating SCT and inattentive symptoms in ADHD using fMRI measures of cognitive control. Neuroimage Clin. 8:390-7.

Fenollar Cortés, J., Servera, M., Becker, S. P., & Burns, G. L. (2017). External Validity of ADHD Inattention and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Dimensions in Spanish Children With ADHD. Journal of attention disorders. 21(8): 655–666.

Flannery, A. J., Becker, S. P., & Luebbe, A. M. (2016). Does emotion dysregulation mediate the association between sluggish cognitive tempo and college students' social impairment? Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(9), 802–812.

Fredrick, J. W., Kofler, M. J., Jarrett, M. A., Burns, G. L., Luebbe, A. M., Garner, A. A, Sherelle, L. H., & Becker, S.P. (2020). Sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD symptoms in relation to task-related thought: Examining unique links with mind wandering and rumination. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 123: 95-101.

Goh, P. K., Martel, M. M., & Barkley, R. A. (2020). Clarifying ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo item relations with impairment: A network analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48(8), 1047-1061.

Jacobson, L. A., Murphy-Bowman, S. C., Pritchard, A. E., Tart-Zelvin, A., Zabel, T. A., & Mahone, E. M. (2012). Factor structure of a sluggish cognitive tempo scale in clinicallyreferred children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 40:1327-1337.

Jung, S. H., Lee, S., Burns, G. L., & Becker, S. P. (2021). Internal and external validity of self-report and parent-report measures of sluggish cognitive tempo in South Korean adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 43(2), 355-366.

Kamradt, J. M., Eadeh, H. M., & Nikolas, M. A. (2022). Sluggish cognitive tempo as a transdiagnostic link between adult ADHD and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 1-14.

Kilincel, S., Usta, M.B. (2021). Detection of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo with d-CPT in children with ADHD. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 11(1):50-56.

Lee, S., Burns, G. L., Snell, J., & McBurnett, K. (2014). Validity of the sluggish cognitive tempo symptom dimension in children: Sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD-inattention as distinct symptom dimensions. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 42(1), 7-19.

O’Hare, K., White, N., Harding, R., Galland, B., Sellbom, M., Shine, B., Schaughency, E. (2021). Sluggish cognitive tempo and daytime sleepiness mediate relationships between sleep and academic performance. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. J Dev Behav Pediatr 42:637–647.

Penny, A. M., Waschbusch, D. A., Klein, R. M., Corkum, P., & Eskes, G. (2009). Developing a measure of sluggish cognitive tempo for children: Content validity, factor structure, and reliability. Psychological assessment. 21: 380-389.

Sáez, B., Servera, M., Becker, S. P., & Burns, G. L. (2019). Optimal items for assessing sluggish cognitive tempo in children across mother, father, and teacher ratings. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(6), 825-839.

Saxbe, C., Barkley, R.A. (2014). The second attention disorder? Sluggish cognitive tempo vs. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: update for clinicians. J Psychiatr Pract. 20(1):38-49.

Servera, M., Sáez, B., Burns, G. L., & Becker, S. P. (2018). Clinical differentiation of sluggish cognitive tempo and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Journal of abnormal psychology, 127(8), 818.

Sevincok, D., Ozbay, H.C., Ozbek, M. M., & Aksu, H. (2020). ADHD symptoms in relation to internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children: The mediating role of sluggish cognitive tempo. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 74(4): 265-272.

Smith, J. N., Suhr, J. A. (2021) Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Factors in Emerging Adults: Symptomatic and Neuropsychological Correlates. Developmental Neuropsychology. 46(3): 169-183.

Smith, Z. R., Becker, S. P., Garner, A. A., Rudolph, C. W., Molitor, S. J., Oddo, L. E., & Langberg, J. M. (2018). Evaluating the structure of sluggish cognitive tempo using confirmatory factor analytic and bifactor modeling with parent and youth ratings. Assessment. 25: 99-111.

Smith, Z. R., Eadeh, H.-M., Breaux, R. P., and Langberg, J. M. (2019). Sleepy, sluggish, worried, or down? The distinction between self-reported sluggish cognitive tempo, daytime sleepiness, and internalizing symptoms in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychol. Assess. 31: 365–375.

Tamm, L., Brenner, S.B., Bamberger, M. E., & Becker, S. P. (2018). Are sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms associated with executive functioning in preschoolers? Child Neuropsychology. 24(1): 82-105.

Wood, W. L. M., Lewandowski, L. J., Lovett, B. J., & Antshel, K. M. (2017). Executive dysfunction and functional impairment associated with sluggish cognitive tempo in emerging adulthood. Journal of Attention Disorders. 21(8): 691-700.

Yung, T.W.K., Lai, C.Y.Y., Chan, J.Y.C., Ng, S.S.M., Chan, C.C.H, (2021). Examining the Role of Attention Deficits in the Social Problems and Withdrawn Behavior of Children with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms. Front. Psychiatry. 12:585589.

Quarterly of Educational Measurement

Psychometric Properties of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) Parent Form among Iranian Children

References

References

Volume 13, Issue 47
April 2022
Pages 95-111

Psychometric Properties of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) Parent Form among Iranian Children

References

References

Volume 13, Issue 47April 2022Pages 95-111

Volume 13, Issue 47
April 2022
Pages 95-111