Reza Morad Sahraee; GholamHossein Rezapour
Abstract
One of the key features of a successful test is to have an appropriate reliability. This study determined the validity and reliability of the Persian language placement test of Sa’adi Foundation. This test consists of three main sections: language knowledge, writing and speaking. The language knowledge ...
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One of the key features of a successful test is to have an appropriate reliability. This study determined the validity and reliability of the Persian language placement test of Sa’adi Foundation. This test consists of three main sections: language knowledge, writing and speaking. The language knowledge section consists of three sub-sections: grammar, vocabulary, and reading. The statistical population of the test consisted of 140 language learners from 41 countries. To calculate the reliability and the construct validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient was used respectively. The reliability index in the language knowledge sub-sections’, grammar was 0.71, vocabulary was 0.817, reading was 0.861 and for the whole language knowledge was 0.916. The reliability of the two sections of speaking and writing was 0.749 and the total test was 0.895. Considering that the acceptable reliability index in Cronbach's Alpha method was at least 0.7, it was found that the test in various sections and sub-sections, and the test overall, had an acceptable reliability. The correlation coefficients obtained from the test sections, between language knowledge and speaking were 0.175, language knowledge and writing 0.186, and writing and speaking 0.602. Perhaps at first glance, test validity is not acceptable, but by comparing the correlation between the sub-sections of the language knowledge and the skills of speaking and writing, it can be concluded that the students have acted poorly in the productive skills, and this shows that in their educational background, they are concerned only with language knowledge or declarative knowledge, not the procedural knowledge.one of the application of this article is that Persian curriculum should focused on improving procedural knowledge of the Persian learner.
Alireza Roohi; Rezvanosadat Jazayeri; Maryamsadat Fatehizade; Ozra Etemadi
Abstract
Interactional pathologies between couples are those factors that cause conflict and discord between men and women and reduce their marital satisfaction and compatibility. The purpose of this study was constructing and finding the reliability and validity of the Questionnaire of Interactional Pathologies ...
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Interactional pathologies between couples are those factors that cause conflict and discord between men and women and reduce their marital satisfaction and compatibility. The purpose of this study was constructing and finding the reliability and validity of the Questionnaire of Interactional Pathologies among men with the symptoms of avoidant personality. Therefore, after reviewing the relevant literature and implementing 14 semi-structured interviews, in a qualitative form, issues related to the construction of the questionnaire was revealed and the questionnaire was developed based on them. Then 200 people were selected purposefully among the married men who had referred to counseling centers and the questionnaire was administered on them. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach's alpha, and to determine the validity of the questionnaire Marital Conflicts and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires were used. The findings were analyzed using the SPSS software through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total test was 0.96, its convergent validity with Marital Conflict Questionnaire was 0.78 and its divergent validity coefficient with Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire was 0.85. So, it was concluded that the researcher-made questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity and it can diagnose the interactional pathology of avoidant men in clinical researches and couple therapies. Designing a questionnaire to identify people with avoidant personality, based on Iranian native culture, is the value of this research.
