نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان نسیبه، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر ساخت ابزاری برای اندازه‌گیری نگرش به زمان در میان نوجوانان ایرانی بوده است. به همین منظور دو مطالعه جهت ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس نگرش به زمان انجام شد. در مطالعه اول برای شناسایی ابعاد نگرش به زمان و ساخت ابزار از روش کیفی و طرح نظریه برخاسته از داده بنیاد استفاده شد. شرکت‌کنندگان در مطالعه اول 45 نفر (23 پسر و 22 دختر) بین سنین 15 تا 17 با میانگین سنی 20/16 بودند. سه گروه کانونی در مدارس دخترانه و سه گروه کانونی در مدارس پسرانه تشکیل شد. نتایج کدگذاری باز و محوری برای دوره‌های زمانی گذشته، حال و آینده نشان داد که نگرش به زمان برای نوجوانان شامل هشت مقوله آینده مثبت، آینده منفی، حال لذت گرا، حال منفی، حال آینده‌نگر، گذشته مثبت، گذشته منفی و پذیرش گذشته است. در مطالعه دوم بر اساس کدهای به دست آمده از مطالعه اول مقیاس نگرش به زمان تدوین شد و سپس ویژگی‌های روانسنجی آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شرکت‌کنندگان در مطالعه دوم شامل 938 دانش‌آموز (493 دختر و 445 پسر) ایرانی بودند. یافته‌های بدست آمده از تحلیل عامل اکتشافی نشان داد که مقیاس نگرش به زمان شامل هشت مقوله آینده مثبت، آینده منفی، حال منفی، لذت‌گرایی، حال آینده‌نگر، گذشته منفی، پذیرش گذشته و گذشته منفی است. شاخص‌های برازش مدل در تحلیل عاملی تأییدی روایی این مقیاس را مورد تأیید قرار داد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، مقیاس نگرش به زمان می‌تواند به عنوان ابزاری معتبر و روا برای سنجش نگرش به زمان نوجوانان ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Construction and validation of the Iranian Adolescents Attitude Time Scale (IAATS)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hemin khezria azar 1
  • Masoumeh Moghimi Firozabad 2
  • Mehrnaz Sani 3
  • Masoud GholamAli Lavasani 4

1 Educational psychology, psychology and education, university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty member of Nasibeh Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

3 MA in Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran

4 MA in Psychology and Exceptional Children Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is was to develop an Iranian Adolescent Time Attitude Scale. For this reason, two studies have done among Iranian adolescents to develop and validate of a time attitudes scale. In the first study, a qualitative method as well as grounded theory was used to conceptualize time attitude. Participants in the first study included 45 adolescents (23 male and 22 female) aging 15 to 17 years old with the average age of 16.20. Six focus groups were formed in schools for girls and schools for boys. The results of open and axial coding for past, present and future shows that this period of life contains eight categories of positive future, negative future, hedonist present, negative present, futurist present, positive past, negative past, and past acceptance. In the second study based on the codes obtained from interviews develop a scale to measure time attitude was drafted viewing time scale then examined its psychometric properties. Participants in the second study included 938 school students (493 female and 445 male) in the second and third grade of Iranian high school. The findings of exploratory factor analysis indicated that time attitude scale for adolescent Iranian contained 34 items measuring eight dimensions including positive future, negative future, negative present, hedonistic present, futuristic present, negative past, past acceptance and positive past. Fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis model, confirmed validity of this attitude scale. Based on the findings, time attitude scale can be as valid and reliable instrument for assessing attitudes toward adolescents Iranian used.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • time attitude, validity, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis
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