نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مشاوره خانواده دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مشاوره دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 استاد رشته مشاوره دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه مشاوره دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

5 استادیار گروه مشاوره دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده: هدف پژوهش حاضر ساخت و بررسی ویژگی های پرسشنامه آسیب های زیرمنظومه های خانواده های ADHD محور بود.بدین منظور ابتدا با مصاحبه های عمیق با روش پدیدارشناسی با 16 خانواده(27 نفر) و مطالعه ی منابع در پیشینه پژوهشی مقوله ها و آسیب های سه زیر منظومه مشخص گردید و بر اساس آنها پرسشنامه ای تدوین گردید.سپس از بین خانواده هایی که دارای فرزند مبتلا به اختلال ADHD بودند 217 نفر به صورت هدفمند انتخاب و پرسشنامه ساخته شده بر روی آنها اجرا گردید. جهت تعیین پایایی این پرسشنامه از روش آلفای کرونباخ و برای تعیین اعتبار از پرسشنامه های تعارض زناشویی وکیفیت زندگی استفاده شد.داده های به دست آمده مورد تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحلیل نشان دادکه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای کل آزمون برابر 87/0 ،ضریب اعتبار همگرای آن با پرسشنامه تعارض زناشویی برابر72/0 و ضریب اعتبار واگرا با پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی برابر 86/0- بود.نتیجه آنکه پرسشنامه پژوهشگر ساخته دارای پایایی و اعتبار قابل قبولی است که 11 عامل دارد و توان شناسایی آسیب های زیرمنظومه های خانواده های دارای فرزند مبتلال به اختلال ADHD را در پژوهش های بالینی و درمان خانوادگی دارد.ارزش این پژوهش به طراحی پرسشنامه ای بومی و متناسب با فرهنگ ایرانی برای تشخیص آسیب های خانواده های ADHD و بکارگیری درمان متناسب با آن آسیب ها است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Construction of couple, parental and sibling sub-system’ pathologies in families with child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

نویسندگان [English]

  • arman azizi 1
  • maryam fatehizade 2
  • ahmad ahmadi 3
  • rezvan jazayeri 4
  • omid isanejad 5

1 university of Isfahan

2 university of Isfahan

3 university of Isfahan

4 university of Isfahan

5 university of Kurdistan

چکیده [English]

Abstract: Families with children with ADHD have specific problems and injuries that include all three couple, parent and sibling sub system. The purpose of this study was to construct and investigate the characteristics of damages of ADHD-based families’ questionnaire. For this purpose, using deep interviews with the phenomenological method with 16 families (27 people) and Studying the resources in the research background, the categories and damage of the three subsystems were identified and a questionnaire was developed based on them. Then among the families with a child with an ADHD disorder, 217 person were selected purposefully and questionnaire that was made was implemented on them. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability and the marital conflict and quality of life questionnaire were used to determine the validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used. The results of the analysis showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole test was equal to 0/87, its coefficient of convergence with marital conflict questionnaire was 0/72 and the divergent credit coefficient with quality of life questionnaire was - 0/86. Result show that the researcher-made questionnaire has acceptable reliability and credibility with 11 factors and has the ability to identify the damages of subsystem of ADHD-centered family in clinical trials and family therapy. The value of this research is to design a native Iranian questionnaire to diagnose damages of ADHD families and apply appropriate treatment to these damages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Family subsystems
  • reliability
  • validity
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
نصیری، حبیب‌الله. (1385). بررسی روایی و پایایی مقیاس کوتاه کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت و تهیه‌ نسخه‌ی ایرانی آن. سومین سمینار سراسری بهداشت روانی دانشجویان. تهران: دانشگاه علم و صنعت.
Arieta, M. T. (2008). Women's couple relationship satisfaction: The impact of family structure and     interparental conflict. Doctoral Dissertation. Sanfrancisco University.
Barkley, R. A. (2014). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment: Guilford Publications.
Britten, N. (1995). Qualitative interviews in medical research. Biomedical and Life Science Journal, 311 (6999), 251-3.
Bussing, R., Mason, DM., Bell, L., Porter, P., Garvan, C.(2010). Adolescent outcomes of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a diverse community sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Jun; 49(6):595-605. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.006.
Chronis, A.M., Lahey, B.B., Pelham, W.E., Williams, S.H., Baumann, B.L., Kipp, H., et al. (2007). Maternal Depression and Early Positive Parenting Predict Future Conduct Problems in Young Children with Attentiondeficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, Developmental Psychology, 43: 70-82.
Coghill, D., Soutullo, C. Aubuisson, C., Preuss, U., Lindback, T., Silverberg, M. and Buitelaar, J. (2008). Impact of Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder on the Patient and Family: Results from a European Survey, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2:31, doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-2-31.
Cohen, M., Domburgh, V., Vermerien, R., Geluk, C. H., & Dorelejeers, T., H. (2012). Externalizing psychopathology and persistence of offending in childhood first time arrestees. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 243-251.
Colaizzi, P. F. (1973). Reflection and research in psychology. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.[1]
Coogan, AN., Baird, AL., Popa-Wagner, A., Tome, J. (2016). Circadian rhythms and atention defcit hyperactivity disorder: Te what, the when and the why. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry; 67, 74-81.
Danielle, M., Walerius. Nicholas, D., .Fogleman.Paul, J.Rosen. (2016). The Role of ADHD and Negative Emotional Lability in Predicting Changes in Parenting Daily Hassles.J Child FAM Stud.25:2279- 2291.
Erica S. F. Wan, Joyce L. C. Ma, Kelly Y. C. Lai, and Julia W. K. Lo. (2016). the Subjective Experiences of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder of Chinese Families in Hong Kong: Co-Construction of Meanings in Multiple Family Groups. Journal of National Association of Social Workers. doi: 10.1093/hsw/hlw023.
Foster, K., O’Brien, L., & Korhonen, T. (2012). Developing resilient children and families when parents have mental illness: a family-focused approach. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 21, 3–11.
 Hamed, A.M. Kauer, A.J. Stevens, H.E. (2015). Why the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder matters. Front. Psychiatry. 6, 168. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Harvey, EA. Metcalfe, LA., Herbert, SD & Fanton, JH. (2011) .The role of family experiences and ADHD in the early development of oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 79, 784–795.
Ho, S. W., Chien, W. T., & Wang, L. Q. (2011). Parents’ perceptions of care-giving to a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An exploratory study. Contemporary Nurse, 40(1), 41–56. doi:10.5172/conu.2011.40.1.41.
Johnston, C. (2012). Parenting in adults with attention-deficit/hyper activity disorder (ADHD). Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 215-228.
King, K., Alexander, D., & Seabi, J. (2016). Siblings’ perceptions of their ADHD-diagnosed sibling’s impact on the family system. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph13090910.
Lindahl, K., Bregman, H., & Malik, N. (2012). Family boundary structures and child adjustment: The indirect role of emotional reactivity. Journal of Family Psychology, 26,839-847.
Mikami, A.Y.; Pfiffner, L.J. (2008). Sibling relationships among children with ADHD. J. Atten. Disord. 11, 482–492. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Moen, O. L., Hall-Lord, M. L., & Hedelin, B. (2014). Living in a family with a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A phenomenographic study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(21–22), 3166–3176. doi:10.1111/jocn.12559.
Nass, D., & Leventhal, F. (2011). 100 Questions & Answers about Your Child’s ADHD:From Preschool to College, USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Sanders, M. R., Bor, W., & Morawsk, A. (2007). Maintenance of treatment gains: a Comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed tripple-p-positive parenting program, Journal of abnormal child psychology, 35(6), 983-998.
Schroder, V.M., Kelly, M.L. (2008). Association between Families Environment, Parenting Practice and Executive Functioning of Children with and without ADHD, Journal of Family and Child Study, DOI 10.1007/s10826-008-9223-0.
Shelton, K., & Harold, G. (2008). Inter parental conflict, negative parenting, and children's adjustment: Bridging links between parents' depression and children's psychological distress. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 712-724.
Shur-Fen Gau, S. (2007). Parental and family factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwanese children. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(8), 688-696.
Sollie, H., & Larsson, B. (2016). Parent-reported symptoms, impairment, helpfulness of treatment, and unmet service needs in a follow-up of outpatient children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(8), 582–590. doi:10.1080/08039488.2016.1187204.
Wright, LM & Leahey, M. (2009). Nurses and Families: A Guide to Family Assessment and Intervention. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, PA.
 
Zahedi, K., Fatehizade, M., Bahrami, F., & Jazayeri, R. (2016). The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Parenting Skills Training (CBPST) on the Behavioral Problems of Preschool Children. Review of European Studies, 8(2), 61.